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<p>To address the challenges of low functional integration and susceptibility to core material leakage in functional textiles, phase change microcapsules (PCMCs) and UV-shielding microcapsules (UVMCs) were separately prepared via an in situ polymerization method using n-octadecane (C18) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) as core materials and melamine-urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin as the shell material. The obtained microcapsules were then applied to cotton fabric through a coating finishing process. This dual-microcapsule separation design strategy enables independent optimization and on-demand ratio adjustability of thermoregulating and UV-protective functions. The results showed that both types of microcapsules exhibited a regular spherical morphology with complete core–shell structures. The PCMCs had an average particle size of 3.14&#xa0;μm, with melting and crystallization enthalpies of 110.08&#xa0;J/g and 115.25&#xa0;J/g, respectively, a core encapsulation efficiency of 80.87%, a thermal efficiency of 76.81%, and a working efficiency of 94.98%. The phase change onset temperatures were approximately 23&#xa0;°C (heating) and 27&#xa0;°C (cooling). The UVMCs had an average particle size of 2.77&#xa0;μm and a core encapsulation efficiency of 84.24%. Both types of microcapsules exhibited good thermal stability below 300&#xa0;°C, and the PCMCs demonstrated excellent thermal cycling reliability. After storage at room temperature for 100&#xa0;days, the mass retention rates of PCMCs and UVMCs were 83.74% and 77.34%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the pure core materials. The coated fabric achieved maximum temperature regulation capacities of 3.2&#xa0;°C (heating) and 2.0&#xa0;°C (cooling). All coated samples achieved a UV protection factor (UPF) greater than 50 and UV transmittance below 5%, and the formaldehyde content complied with international eco-textile safety requirements. The thermal insulation rate and water absorption rate of the fabrics increased by up to 23.80% and 7.45%, respectively, whereas the air permeability decreased by 73.59% and the moisture vapor transmission rate decreased by 5.00%–35.53%. The thermoregulating/UV-protective composite fabric prepared in this study exhibits promising application prospects in smart textiles, summer outdoor clothing, and sun-protective garments.</p>

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Fabrication of MUF-encapsulated n-octadecane/ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate microcapsules via in situ polymerization for thermoregulating and UV-protective textiles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Langtao Sun,
  • Zexi Sun

摘要

To address the challenges of low functional integration and susceptibility to core material leakage in functional textiles, phase change microcapsules (PCMCs) and UV-shielding microcapsules (UVMCs) were separately prepared via an in situ polymerization method using n-octadecane (C18) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) as core materials and melamine-urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin as the shell material. The obtained microcapsules were then applied to cotton fabric through a coating finishing process. This dual-microcapsule separation design strategy enables independent optimization and on-demand ratio adjustability of thermoregulating and UV-protective functions. The results showed that both types of microcapsules exhibited a regular spherical morphology with complete core–shell structures. The PCMCs had an average particle size of 3.14 μm, with melting and crystallization enthalpies of 110.08 J/g and 115.25 J/g, respectively, a core encapsulation efficiency of 80.87%, a thermal efficiency of 76.81%, and a working efficiency of 94.98%. The phase change onset temperatures were approximately 23 °C (heating) and 27 °C (cooling). The UVMCs had an average particle size of 2.77 μm and a core encapsulation efficiency of 84.24%. Both types of microcapsules exhibited good thermal stability below 300 °C, and the PCMCs demonstrated excellent thermal cycling reliability. After storage at room temperature for 100 days, the mass retention rates of PCMCs and UVMCs were 83.74% and 77.34%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the pure core materials. The coated fabric achieved maximum temperature regulation capacities of 3.2 °C (heating) and 2.0 °C (cooling). All coated samples achieved a UV protection factor (UPF) greater than 50 and UV transmittance below 5%, and the formaldehyde content complied with international eco-textile safety requirements. The thermal insulation rate and water absorption rate of the fabrics increased by up to 23.80% and 7.45%, respectively, whereas the air permeability decreased by 73.59% and the moisture vapor transmission rate decreased by 5.00%–35.53%. The thermoregulating/UV-protective composite fabric prepared in this study exhibits promising application prospects in smart textiles, summer outdoor clothing, and sun-protective garments.