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<p>To address the urgent demand for carbon-based microwave absorbing materials that combine low weight, high efficiency, and broad bandwidth in complex electromagnetic environments, this study proposes a component-coupling strategy assisted by wet spinning technology for the fabrication of HEAs/PAN-derived carbon composite fibers. Subsequent stabilization and carbonization treatments generate a hierarchical porous fiber structure featuring embedded alloy/carbon heterointerfaces. The resulting fibers integrate a continuous carbon framework, accessible mesoporous channels, and uniformly distributed metallic domains, which collectively facilitate electromagnetic wave penetration and dielectric attenuation. Among the samples investigated, P2H2-700 exhibits the optimal overall absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of − 50.37&#xa0;dB at 13.12&#xa0;GHz with a thickness of 2.7&#xa0;mm, and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.77&#xa0;GHz at 2.67&#xa0;mm. Electromagnetic analysis reveals that the absorption characteristics are governed primarily by conduction loss along the interconnected carbon framework and polarization relaxation associated with alloy/carbon interfaces and defect-containing carbon regions, while the porous fiber structure further prolongs propagation paths through multiple scattering and reflections. Density functional theory calculations performed on a representative alloy/carbon interface support the presence of interfacial charge redistribution, which is consistent with the observed enhancement in interfacial polarization. This work demonstrates a wet spinning approach to tailor the architecture of PAN-derived carbon fibers and the embedded alloy/carbon interfaces for broadband electromagnetic wave absorption.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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High-entropy alloy/PAN-derived carbon fibers for broadband electromagnetic wave absorption: a component-coupling strategy enabled by wet spinning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Haoyang Yu,
  • Fushan Li,
  • Lanling Zhao,
  • Xiyuan Li,
  • Zhengrun Li,
  • Hongya Wu,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Zidong Zhang

摘要

To address the urgent demand for carbon-based microwave absorbing materials that combine low weight, high efficiency, and broad bandwidth in complex electromagnetic environments, this study proposes a component-coupling strategy assisted by wet spinning technology for the fabrication of HEAs/PAN-derived carbon composite fibers. Subsequent stabilization and carbonization treatments generate a hierarchical porous fiber structure featuring embedded alloy/carbon heterointerfaces. The resulting fibers integrate a continuous carbon framework, accessible mesoporous channels, and uniformly distributed metallic domains, which collectively facilitate electromagnetic wave penetration and dielectric attenuation. Among the samples investigated, P2H2-700 exhibits the optimal overall absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of − 50.37 dB at 13.12 GHz with a thickness of 2.7 mm, and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.77 GHz at 2.67 mm. Electromagnetic analysis reveals that the absorption characteristics are governed primarily by conduction loss along the interconnected carbon framework and polarization relaxation associated with alloy/carbon interfaces and defect-containing carbon regions, while the porous fiber structure further prolongs propagation paths through multiple scattering and reflections. Density functional theory calculations performed on a representative alloy/carbon interface support the presence of interfacial charge redistribution, which is consistent with the observed enhancement in interfacial polarization. This work demonstrates a wet spinning approach to tailor the architecture of PAN-derived carbon fibers and the embedded alloy/carbon interfaces for broadband electromagnetic wave absorption.

Graphical abstract