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<p>To investigate the effects of different heat treatment processes on the microstructure and dynamic mechanical properties of arc additive manufactured maraging steel, and to expand the application of maraging steel components under extreme service conditions, this study prepared maraging steel components via wire arc additive manufacturing and compared their quasi-static/dynamic mechanical properties in the as-deposited and heat-treated states. Results show that austenite content after heat treatment is a key factor for strain rate sensitivity: Different heat treatments vary austenite content, and pure martensitic specimens exhibit the lowest sensitivity. During dynamic loading, the material enhances its strength through dislocation multiplication and grain refinement strengthening. Local dynamic recrystallization occurs at low strain rates. At high strain rates, severe dislocation multiplication and abundant substructures form, with grain refinement dominated by subgrain division. Meanwhile, strain-induced martensitic transformation reduces austenite content. Nano-precipitates formed after heat treatment impede dislocation motion via the Orowan mechanism, driving strength improvement. At similar strain rates, the solution + aged specimens exhibit the least grain deformation, while the as-deposited specimens show the most significant grain deformation. Based on the experimental data, the Johnson–Cook constitutive parameters are fitted based on the data. Due to the complex phase transformation behavior of maraging steels, minor deviations are inevitably observed between simulation and experimental data. Nevertheless, the two maintain excellent consistency in strength evolution behavior and key mechanical responses. This work offers theoretical and experimental support for the engineering use of WAAM maraging steels, advancing their practical deployment.</p>

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Microstructural evolution and dynamic strengthening of heat-treated wire arc additive manufactured maraging steel at different strain rates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • He Li,
  • Xiaotian Zhang,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Chunjie Li,
  • Jinchu Wan,
  • Zhanlin Ma,
  • Yangling Ou,
  • Yong Peng,
  • Zhijun Zheng,
  • Qi Zhou,
  • Kehong Wang

摘要

To investigate the effects of different heat treatment processes on the microstructure and dynamic mechanical properties of arc additive manufactured maraging steel, and to expand the application of maraging steel components under extreme service conditions, this study prepared maraging steel components via wire arc additive manufacturing and compared their quasi-static/dynamic mechanical properties in the as-deposited and heat-treated states. Results show that austenite content after heat treatment is a key factor for strain rate sensitivity: Different heat treatments vary austenite content, and pure martensitic specimens exhibit the lowest sensitivity. During dynamic loading, the material enhances its strength through dislocation multiplication and grain refinement strengthening. Local dynamic recrystallization occurs at low strain rates. At high strain rates, severe dislocation multiplication and abundant substructures form, with grain refinement dominated by subgrain division. Meanwhile, strain-induced martensitic transformation reduces austenite content. Nano-precipitates formed after heat treatment impede dislocation motion via the Orowan mechanism, driving strength improvement. At similar strain rates, the solution + aged specimens exhibit the least grain deformation, while the as-deposited specimens show the most significant grain deformation. Based on the experimental data, the Johnson–Cook constitutive parameters are fitted based on the data. Due to the complex phase transformation behavior of maraging steels, minor deviations are inevitably observed between simulation and experimental data. Nevertheless, the two maintain excellent consistency in strength evolution behavior and key mechanical responses. This work offers theoretical and experimental support for the engineering use of WAAM maraging steels, advancing their practical deployment.