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<p>Accurate prediction of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is critical for optimizing and evaluating thermally induced structural systems in 3D carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. The novelty of this study lies in the first-time combination of the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) with a mesoscopic representative volume element (RVE) model that incorporates zero-thickness interfacial phases and pore defects, thereby systematically quantifying the coupled effects of multiscale pore structures and high-temperature environments on the CTE of the materials. Through quantitative evaluation of the model, this study reveals the specific influences of various parameters: Regarding thermal expansion behavior, as porosity increases, the CTE in the 11th direction exhibits fluctuations but demonstrates an overall decreasing trend. In the low-temperature range (300&#xa0;K &lt; T ≤ 500&#xa0;K), CTE is enhanced in the 22nd direction due to the negative thermal expansion property (NTE). In the high-temperature range (900&#xa0;K &lt; T ≤ 1100&#xa0;K), driven by the extreme temperature characteristics of carbon fibers, the CTE in the 33rd direction sharply decreases to negative values. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is employed to quantify the impact priority of nine pore characteristic indices. The results indicate that mesopore content (MeC) and average pore size (APS) exert the most prominent influence on the CTE (gray relational degree &gt; 0.85), acting as critical control parameters that significantly degrade thermal expansion performance. Conversely, micropore content (MiC) and uniformity (U) exhibit the weakest correlation (relational degree &lt; 0.65), showing minimal impact on the optimization of thermal expansion behavior. This research provides a reliable quantitative reference and theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of high-temperature-resistant 3D C/C composites with tailored thermal expansion properties.</p>

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Thermal expansion mechanisms of 3D C/C composites containing interface phases: roles of pore defects and high-temperature exposure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Yongan Chen,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Jinlu Dong,
  • Huiliang Luo,
  • Jin Zeng,
  • Chenggang Li,
  • Guodong Chen,
  • Yiren Yang

摘要

Accurate prediction of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is critical for optimizing and evaluating thermally induced structural systems in 3D carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. The novelty of this study lies in the first-time combination of the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) with a mesoscopic representative volume element (RVE) model that incorporates zero-thickness interfacial phases and pore defects, thereby systematically quantifying the coupled effects of multiscale pore structures and high-temperature environments on the CTE of the materials. Through quantitative evaluation of the model, this study reveals the specific influences of various parameters: Regarding thermal expansion behavior, as porosity increases, the CTE in the 11th direction exhibits fluctuations but demonstrates an overall decreasing trend. In the low-temperature range (300 K < T ≤ 500 K), CTE is enhanced in the 22nd direction due to the negative thermal expansion property (NTE). In the high-temperature range (900 K < T ≤ 1100 K), driven by the extreme temperature characteristics of carbon fibers, the CTE in the 33rd direction sharply decreases to negative values. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is employed to quantify the impact priority of nine pore characteristic indices. The results indicate that mesopore content (MeC) and average pore size (APS) exert the most prominent influence on the CTE (gray relational degree > 0.85), acting as critical control parameters that significantly degrade thermal expansion performance. Conversely, micropore content (MiC) and uniformity (U) exhibit the weakest correlation (relational degree < 0.65), showing minimal impact on the optimization of thermal expansion behavior. This research provides a reliable quantitative reference and theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of high-temperature-resistant 3D C/C composites with tailored thermal expansion properties.