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<p>Carbon-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are favored for their low density and stable physicochemical properties. However, the high conductivity and dielectric constant of single-phase carbon often lead to impedance mismatch, limiting their practical application. Guided by the impedance matching principle, this study constructs a dielectric–magnetic synergistic network. A series of ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/bamboo-derived carbon composites were synthesized via a high-temperature mechanochemical method, and the influence of carbon content on their electromagnetic properties was systematically investigated. Electromagnetic analysis shows that the composite with 10&#xa0;wt% carbon achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of − 30.7&#xa0;dB, with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.36&#xa0;GHz at a matching thickness of 1.69&#xa0;mm. When the carbon content increases to 15&#xa0;wt%, the RL<sub>min</sub> reaches −&#xa0;45.18&#xa0;dB, accompanied by an EAB of 3.04&#xa0;GHz at 1.7&#xa0;mm. The excellent EMW absorption performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of polarization loss, conduction loss, natural resonance, and multiple reflections and scattering within the composite.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Broadband electromagnetic wave absorption from tunable ZnFe2O4/bamboo-derived carbon composites by high-temperature mechanochemistry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Boshuo Shi,
  • Bo Wang,
  • Yujiang Wang,
  • Tao Wan,
  • Jianshe Chen,
  • Daxue Fu,
  • Binchuan Li,
  • Qing Han,
  • Shicheng Wei

摘要

Carbon-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are favored for their low density and stable physicochemical properties. However, the high conductivity and dielectric constant of single-phase carbon often lead to impedance mismatch, limiting their practical application. Guided by the impedance matching principle, this study constructs a dielectric–magnetic synergistic network. A series of ZnFe2O4/bamboo-derived carbon composites were synthesized via a high-temperature mechanochemical method, and the influence of carbon content on their electromagnetic properties was systematically investigated. Electromagnetic analysis shows that the composite with 10 wt% carbon achieves a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 30.7 dB, with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.36 GHz at a matching thickness of 1.69 mm. When the carbon content increases to 15 wt%, the RLmin reaches − 45.18 dB, accompanied by an EAB of 3.04 GHz at 1.7 mm. The excellent EMW absorption performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of polarization loss, conduction loss, natural resonance, and multiple reflections and scattering within the composite.

Graphical abstract