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<p>The growing demand for high-efficiency energy storage and ultrasensitive biomolecular sensing materials has accelerated the exploration of multifunctional nanocomposites. Herein, a cobalt sulfide-anchored Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene composite (CT) was successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal route and systematically evaluated for its structural, electrochemical, and sensing capabilities. XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and EDX analyses confirmed the formation of few-layered MXene sheets with uniformly distributed CoS nanostructures, demonstrating strong interfacial coupling and improved crystallinity. BET analysis revealed a significant increase in specific surface area from 27.97 to 46.26&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g upon composite formation, indicating reduced MXene restacking and enhanced porosity. Electrochemical characterization revealed a remarkable charge-storage behavior for the CT electrode, with a specific capacitance of 499.35&#xa0;F/g, along with high energy density (277.22&#xa0;Wh/kg) and power density (389.76&#xa0;W/kg). The electrode maintained 81% capacitive retention after 20,000 cycles, outperforming pristine MXene and CoS. The CT electrode demonstrated efficient electron-transfer kinetics, low charge-transfer resistance, and ideal redox behavior. The biosensing performance of CT was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) toward dopamine (DA) and tyrosine (TY). The sensor exhibited a wide linear working range of 0–150&#xa0;mM, demonstrating a strong electrochemical response and stability under high analyte concentrations. The sensor exhibited a linear working range of 0–150&#xa0;mM with enhanced sensitivity, strong selectivity against biological interferents, and excellent repeatability and reproducibility. Real sample analysis in human urine and blood demonstrated recovery values of 98–112%, confirming the practical applicability. This work demonstrates that the CT composite combines high energy-storage capacity with efficient dual-analyte sensing, making it a promising multifunctional platform for next-generation biomedical diagnostics and energy-storage devices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic MXene/CoS composite for enhanced charge storage and bioelectrochemical sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Sumanjali Kota,
  • Ratnamala Annapragada

摘要

The growing demand for high-efficiency energy storage and ultrasensitive biomolecular sensing materials has accelerated the exploration of multifunctional nanocomposites. Herein, a cobalt sulfide-anchored Ti3C2Tx MXene composite (CT) was successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal route and systematically evaluated for its structural, electrochemical, and sensing capabilities. XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and EDX analyses confirmed the formation of few-layered MXene sheets with uniformly distributed CoS nanostructures, demonstrating strong interfacial coupling and improved crystallinity. BET analysis revealed a significant increase in specific surface area from 27.97 to 46.26 m2/g upon composite formation, indicating reduced MXene restacking and enhanced porosity. Electrochemical characterization revealed a remarkable charge-storage behavior for the CT electrode, with a specific capacitance of 499.35 F/g, along with high energy density (277.22 Wh/kg) and power density (389.76 W/kg). The electrode maintained 81% capacitive retention after 20,000 cycles, outperforming pristine MXene and CoS. The CT electrode demonstrated efficient electron-transfer kinetics, low charge-transfer resistance, and ideal redox behavior. The biosensing performance of CT was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) toward dopamine (DA) and tyrosine (TY). The sensor exhibited a wide linear working range of 0–150 mM, demonstrating a strong electrochemical response and stability under high analyte concentrations. The sensor exhibited a linear working range of 0–150 mM with enhanced sensitivity, strong selectivity against biological interferents, and excellent repeatability and reproducibility. Real sample analysis in human urine and blood demonstrated recovery values of 98–112%, confirming the practical applicability. This work demonstrates that the CT composite combines high energy-storage capacity with efficient dual-analyte sensing, making it a promising multifunctional platform for next-generation biomedical diagnostics and energy-storage devices.

Graphical abstract