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<p>Ammonia (NH₃) is a hazardous gas with critical environmental and health impacts, requiring sensitive and selective detection technologies. This study reports the development of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors using three functional sensing layers: UiO‑66 metal–organic framework (MOF), chitosan–sodium alginate hydrogel, and their composite. The materials were synthesized and characterized using SEM, XRD, BET, and FTIR. The composite sensor demonstrated enhanced performance by combining the high surface area and adsorption capability of UiO‑66 with the flexibility of the hydrogel. Gas sensing tests showed a wide detection range (9.38–70.35&#xa0;ppm), strong sensor response, short response/recovery times, and ~ 74% signal retention after two months. These results confirm the enhanced sensing performance, selectivity, and long-term stability of the composite sensor. The integration of MOF and hydrogel enables a cost-effective, scalable platform for next-generation ammonia gas sensors, suitable for environmental and industrial applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Toward real-world ammonia monitoring: QCM sensors functionalized with MOF–hydrogel composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Marzieh Sharifi-Sangari,
  • Setareh Homayoonnia,
  • Sedigheh Zeinali

摘要

Ammonia (NH₃) is a hazardous gas with critical environmental and health impacts, requiring sensitive and selective detection technologies. This study reports the development of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors using three functional sensing layers: UiO‑66 metal–organic framework (MOF), chitosan–sodium alginate hydrogel, and their composite. The materials were synthesized and characterized using SEM, XRD, BET, and FTIR. The composite sensor demonstrated enhanced performance by combining the high surface area and adsorption capability of UiO‑66 with the flexibility of the hydrogel. Gas sensing tests showed a wide detection range (9.38–70.35 ppm), strong sensor response, short response/recovery times, and ~ 74% signal retention after two months. These results confirm the enhanced sensing performance, selectivity, and long-term stability of the composite sensor. The integration of MOF and hydrogel enables a cost-effective, scalable platform for next-generation ammonia gas sensors, suitable for environmental and industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract