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<p>Congo red (CR) poses a serious threat to the environment and human health on account of its chemical stability, toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and an urgent need to formulate efficient and sustainable mediation strategies. In this study, a series of WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O/Ce–C3N4 composite photocatalyst was constructed using the hydrothermal synthesis method by adjusting the mass ratio of WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O and Ce–C3N4. The morphology structure of the composite was analyzed, and the transmission and separation efficiency of surface charge carriers were evaluated by means of transient photocurrent, photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, etc. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O/ Ce–C3N4 composite was studied and elucidate the degradation mechanism. Research results show that WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O/Ce–C3N4 improves the absorption ability in the visible light region, realizes efficient separation of photoelectrons and holes, and also inhibits the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby enhancing photocatalytic performance. After dark adsorption for 60&#xa0;min, the sample was further exposed to visible light irradiation for 40&#xa0;min, the WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O/Ce–C3N4 composite achieved a removal rate of 98.8% for CR dye. Its photocatalytic ability is influenced by the initial concentration of CR, pH value, and the dosage of the composite photocatalyst. The photocatalytic process of WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O/Ce–C3N4 on CR follows first-order kinetics, with the rate constant k being 19 times and 3 times that of WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O and Ce–C3N4, respectively. The active species scavenging experiments indicate that •O₂⁻ and •OH are the main active substances in the CR photocatalytic degradation process. Hence, a photocatalytic degradation mechanism is proposed. This study demonstrates that WO<sub>3</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O/Ce–C3N4 is a promising photocatalyst, providing an efficient photocatalytic material for the degradation of organic pollutants.</p>

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Construction of flower-like WO3•H2O/Ce–C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction for synergistic photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dyes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Xiao-fang Li,
  • Yan-cheng Wu,
  • Qiao-ya Zhang,
  • Xiao-ning Dong,
  • Xiao-qiang Feng

摘要

Congo red (CR) poses a serious threat to the environment and human health on account of its chemical stability, toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and an urgent need to formulate efficient and sustainable mediation strategies. In this study, a series of WO3•H2O/Ce–C3N4 composite photocatalyst was constructed using the hydrothermal synthesis method by adjusting the mass ratio of WO3•H2O and Ce–C3N4. The morphology structure of the composite was analyzed, and the transmission and separation efficiency of surface charge carriers were evaluated by means of transient photocurrent, photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, etc. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the WO3•H2O/ Ce–C3N4 composite was studied and elucidate the degradation mechanism. Research results show that WO3•H2O/Ce–C3N4 improves the absorption ability in the visible light region, realizes efficient separation of photoelectrons and holes, and also inhibits the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby enhancing photocatalytic performance. After dark adsorption for 60 min, the sample was further exposed to visible light irradiation for 40 min, the WO3•H2O/Ce–C3N4 composite achieved a removal rate of 98.8% for CR dye. Its photocatalytic ability is influenced by the initial concentration of CR, pH value, and the dosage of the composite photocatalyst. The photocatalytic process of WO3•H2O/Ce–C3N4 on CR follows first-order kinetics, with the rate constant k being 19 times and 3 times that of WO3•H2O and Ce–C3N4, respectively. The active species scavenging experiments indicate that •O₂⁻ and •OH are the main active substances in the CR photocatalytic degradation process. Hence, a photocatalytic degradation mechanism is proposed. This study demonstrates that WO3•H2O/Ce–C3N4 is a promising photocatalyst, providing an efficient photocatalytic material for the degradation of organic pollutants.