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<p>Continuous, accurate body temperature monitoring is critical for infection detection and metabolic assessment, yet existing technologies lack comfort, sensitivity, and stability. We present a high-performance flexible temperature sensor via an all-solution process, achieving breakthrough performance through material–structure–process synergy. The PEDOT:PSS/PANI/PDMS (1:2:10) thermosensitive layer, doped with 1% AgNWs, forms a gradient conductive network, yielding a 0.935&#xa0;°C<sup>−1</sup> TCR. Electrofluidic spraying enables precise fabrication of serpentine AgNW electrodes (624&#xa0;μm line width, 900&#xa0;μm spacing) with microchannel isolation, eliminating thermal damage risks. PET encapsulation ensures stability (&lt; 3% resistance change after 5000 bends). The sensor demonstrates 0.935&#xa0;°C<sup>−1</sup> sensitivity (25–45&#xa0;°C), &lt; 0.3&#xa0;s response time (2.1 × faster than thermistors), and clinical-grade accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999 vs. IR cameras; ± 0.3&#xa0;°C fluctuation detection). Integrated with an LSTM algorithm, it achieves 93.1% prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.96) for abnormal temperature events. This work resolves the trade-off between sensitivity, wearability, and stability via all-printing, advancing dynamic temperature monitoring for multimodal health systems.</p>

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Flexible temperature sensors with gradient conductive networks for physiological monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月29日

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  • Xin Li,
  • Huifang Liu,
  • Quan Liang,
  • Luyao Zhao,
  • Chuanming Sun,
  • Chunye Hou

摘要

Continuous, accurate body temperature monitoring is critical for infection detection and metabolic assessment, yet existing technologies lack comfort, sensitivity, and stability. We present a high-performance flexible temperature sensor via an all-solution process, achieving breakthrough performance through material–structure–process synergy. The PEDOT:PSS/PANI/PDMS (1:2:10) thermosensitive layer, doped with 1% AgNWs, forms a gradient conductive network, yielding a 0.935 °C−1 TCR. Electrofluidic spraying enables precise fabrication of serpentine AgNW electrodes (624 μm line width, 900 μm spacing) with microchannel isolation, eliminating thermal damage risks. PET encapsulation ensures stability (< 3% resistance change after 5000 bends). The sensor demonstrates 0.935 °C−1 sensitivity (25–45 °C), < 0.3 s response time (2.1 × faster than thermistors), and clinical-grade accuracy (R2 = 0.999 vs. IR cameras; ± 0.3 °C fluctuation detection). Integrated with an LSTM algorithm, it achieves 93.1% prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.96) for abnormal temperature events. This work resolves the trade-off between sensitivity, wearability, and stability via all-printing, advancing dynamic temperature monitoring for multimodal health systems.