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<p>Reliable monitoring of glucose is crucial for the management of diabetes and for quality control in food and biomedical analysis. Here we report a mediated electrochemical glucose biosensor constructed through rational interfacial integration of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) scaffold, glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking and glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization. ZIF particles are first deposited on the electrode to create a porous, high-surface-area backbone that enables enhanced enzyme loading. GA is subsequently introduced as a bifunctional crosslinker to generate a stable interphase, onto which GOx is covalently immobilized, forming a compact and mechanically robust ZIF/GA/GOx bio-electrode. Hydroquinone (HQ) is employed as a small-molecule mediator to facilitate efficient electron transfer between the FAD/FADH<sub>2</sub> center of GOx and the electrode in phosphate buffer solution. Under optimized conditions, the ZIF/GA/GOx biosensor exhibits a pronounced concentration-dependent anodic response toward glucose, a wide linear range (0.1–120&#xa0;mM), a low detection limit (28&#xa0;μM), good selectivity against common interferents, and satisfactory reproducibility and operational stability. The improved sensing performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the porous ZIF scaffold and the GA-crosslinked enzyme network, which together regulate enzyme loading, structural integrity, and mediator accessibility. These results demonstrate that rational interfacial engineering of ZIF-based GA-crosslinked bio-electrodes provides an effective strategy for constructing high-performance glucose biosensors and offers a versatile platform extendable to other oxidase-based sensing systems.</p>

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ZIF-based glutaraldehyde-crosslinked glucose oxidase biosensor for sensitive electrochemical determination of glucose

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Rui Duan,
  • Jifan Zhao,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Hongbin Zhao

摘要

Reliable monitoring of glucose is crucial for the management of diabetes and for quality control in food and biomedical analysis. Here we report a mediated electrochemical glucose biosensor constructed through rational interfacial integration of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) scaffold, glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking and glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization. ZIF particles are first deposited on the electrode to create a porous, high-surface-area backbone that enables enhanced enzyme loading. GA is subsequently introduced as a bifunctional crosslinker to generate a stable interphase, onto which GOx is covalently immobilized, forming a compact and mechanically robust ZIF/GA/GOx bio-electrode. Hydroquinone (HQ) is employed as a small-molecule mediator to facilitate efficient electron transfer between the FAD/FADH2 center of GOx and the electrode in phosphate buffer solution. Under optimized conditions, the ZIF/GA/GOx biosensor exhibits a pronounced concentration-dependent anodic response toward glucose, a wide linear range (0.1–120 mM), a low detection limit (28 μM), good selectivity against common interferents, and satisfactory reproducibility and operational stability. The improved sensing performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the porous ZIF scaffold and the GA-crosslinked enzyme network, which together regulate enzyme loading, structural integrity, and mediator accessibility. These results demonstrate that rational interfacial engineering of ZIF-based GA-crosslinked bio-electrodes provides an effective strategy for constructing high-performance glucose biosensors and offers a versatile platform extendable to other oxidase-based sensing systems.