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<p>The adoption of circular economy principles is paramount for the sustainable synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These methodologies play a crucial role in environmental remediation, serving as indispensable tools in the global campaign to reduce reliance on hazardous substances, such as metal ions, organic solvents, and complexes inherent to traditional metal–organic chemistry. The integration of those principles into MOF synthesis not only facilitates the use of renewable, cost-effective precursors but also propels a transformative shift toward a waste-to-value-added-products approach. This review thoroughly explores the convergence of sustainable synthesis methodologies and design strategies, emphasizing greener, more energy-efficient, and less toxic MOF synthesis through the application of green chemistry principles. The development of green, industrially acceptable MOF chemistry that utilizes biocompatible organic linkers derived from biomolecules or biomass is a focal point. Also, the review provides an updated overview of characterization techniques and the applicability of green MOFs in catalysis, wastewater treatment, gas absorption, energy storage, and therapeutics, highlighting their growing significance across these domains.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Review: Green chemistry approaches to metal–organic frameworks: sustainable linker design, material performance, and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Roxana Paz,
  • Adrian Ges,
  • Herlys Viltres,
  • Carolina Leyva,
  • Amin Reza Rajabzadeh,
  • Seshasai Srinivasan

摘要

The adoption of circular economy principles is paramount for the sustainable synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These methodologies play a crucial role in environmental remediation, serving as indispensable tools in the global campaign to reduce reliance on hazardous substances, such as metal ions, organic solvents, and complexes inherent to traditional metal–organic chemistry. The integration of those principles into MOF synthesis not only facilitates the use of renewable, cost-effective precursors but also propels a transformative shift toward a waste-to-value-added-products approach. This review thoroughly explores the convergence of sustainable synthesis methodologies and design strategies, emphasizing greener, more energy-efficient, and less toxic MOF synthesis through the application of green chemistry principles. The development of green, industrially acceptable MOF chemistry that utilizes biocompatible organic linkers derived from biomolecules or biomass is a focal point. Also, the review provides an updated overview of characterization techniques and the applicability of green MOFs in catalysis, wastewater treatment, gas absorption, energy storage, and therapeutics, highlighting their growing significance across these domains.

Graphical abstract