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<p>Although significant efforts have been devoted to enhance the photoconversion efficiency of TiO<sub>2</sub>-based photoanodes, achieving satisfactory performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting remains challenging. Despite its excellent stability over a wide pH range, the practical efficiency of TiO<sub>2</sub> is inherently constrained by its rapid charge recombination and limited light absorption primarily within the ultraviolet region. To address these issues, we fabricated a P-In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite photoanode by constructing an In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction via a hydrothermal method followed by low-temperature phosphorization. The optimized photoanode achieved a remarkable photocurrent density of 3.51&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup> at 1.23&#xa0;V versus RHE, representing an 8.8-fold enhancement over pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction and the phosphorus doping which broaden the spectral response and facilitate charge separation, and introduce beneficial surface states to accelerate interfacial charge transfer kinetics.</p>

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Phosphorus-doped In2S3/TiO2 heterojunction photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月22日

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  • Jiayu Lin,
  • Yi Sun,
  • Wei Zhou,
  • Xiaoyan Zhang,
  • Weimin Cao,
  • Danhong Cheng

摘要

Although significant efforts have been devoted to enhance the photoconversion efficiency of TiO2-based photoanodes, achieving satisfactory performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting remains challenging. Despite its excellent stability over a wide pH range, the practical efficiency of TiO2 is inherently constrained by its rapid charge recombination and limited light absorption primarily within the ultraviolet region. To address these issues, we fabricated a P-In2S3/TiO2 composite photoanode by constructing an In2S3/TiO2 heterojunction via a hydrothermal method followed by low-temperature phosphorization. The optimized photoanode achieved a remarkable photocurrent density of 3.51 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, representing an 8.8-fold enhancement over pristine TiO2. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the In2S3/TiO2 heterojunction and the phosphorus doping which broaden the spectral response and facilitate charge separation, and introduce beneficial surface states to accelerate interfacial charge transfer kinetics.