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<p>This study reports the successful preparation and performance evaluation of RDX@Al/AP core–shell composite energetic materials using a Pickering emulsion approach. Nano-aluminum powder was surface modified with perfluorododecanoic acid to impart amphiphilic properties, enabling the formation of stable oil-in-water emulsions. Under optimized conditions (oil-to-water volume ratio of 2:5, 20 wt% modified Al powder loading, and standing time ≤ 20 min), uniform and structurally stable RDX@Al/AP core–shell microspheres were synthesized, with RDX as the core and Al/AP composite as the shell layer. Thermal analysis revealed significant improvements in thermal decomposition performance, with RDX exothermic peak temperature decreasing from 258.3&#xa0;°C to 220.8&#xa0;°C and AP high-temperature decomposition peak temperature reducing from 405.9&#xa0;°C to 386.9&#xa0;°C. Combustion tests demonstrated a 63.3% reduction in combustion time compared to physical mixtures, accompanied by brighter flames and enhanced combustion stability. Mechanical sensitivity measurements showed a 67.6% increase in impact sensitivity (H₅₀ from 14.49&#xa0;cm to 24.29&#xa0;cm), indicating improved safety, while friction sensitivity slightly increased due to surface roughness and rigid Al particles. This core–shell structural design strategy offers a promising technical approach for developing solid propellants that integrate high energy, high burn rate, and safety characteristics.</p>

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Enhanced thermal decomposition and optimized combustion performance of RDX@Al/AP core–shell composite energetic material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Junlin Wang,
  • Yike Yuan,
  • Zhenwei Zhang,
  • Ruihao Wang

摘要

This study reports the successful preparation and performance evaluation of RDX@Al/AP core–shell composite energetic materials using a Pickering emulsion approach. Nano-aluminum powder was surface modified with perfluorododecanoic acid to impart amphiphilic properties, enabling the formation of stable oil-in-water emulsions. Under optimized conditions (oil-to-water volume ratio of 2:5, 20 wt% modified Al powder loading, and standing time ≤ 20 min), uniform and structurally stable RDX@Al/AP core–shell microspheres were synthesized, with RDX as the core and Al/AP composite as the shell layer. Thermal analysis revealed significant improvements in thermal decomposition performance, with RDX exothermic peak temperature decreasing from 258.3 °C to 220.8 °C and AP high-temperature decomposition peak temperature reducing from 405.9 °C to 386.9 °C. Combustion tests demonstrated a 63.3% reduction in combustion time compared to physical mixtures, accompanied by brighter flames and enhanced combustion stability. Mechanical sensitivity measurements showed a 67.6% increase in impact sensitivity (H₅₀ from 14.49 cm to 24.29 cm), indicating improved safety, while friction sensitivity slightly increased due to surface roughness and rigid Al particles. This core–shell structural design strategy offers a promising technical approach for developing solid propellants that integrate high energy, high burn rate, and safety characteristics.