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<p>The rapid rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) levels due to industrialization and transportation has intensified global warming and climate instability, highlighting the urgent need for effective carbon management technologies. Interfacial engineering of perovskite-based heterojunctions represents a green, cost-effective, and sustainable approach capable of producing solar fuels under mild conditions and it offers a promising route for efficient CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction under visible light. In this study, a highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst was developed based on a perovskite heterostructure. The system consists of zero-valence nickel and copper (Ni/Cu) nanoparticles as metallic co-catalysts, A<sub>2</sub>ZnTiO<sub>6</sub> double perovskite (A-site cations = La, In, Sc, Bi) as the central photocatalyst, and X-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) (X = Sn, Hf, Nd, Er) as a non-metallic co-photocatalyst. Structural, morphological, optical, and compositional properties were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, EDX-mapping, UV–vis DRS, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A Taguchi experimental design was applied to optimize key operational parameters affecting photocatalytic performance. The optimized 0D/3D/2D quantum-dot Schottky/Z-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, achieving a total CO₂ conversion of nearly 1782&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> (98% efficiency) under visible light. The main products were methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) with a production rate of 1247.4&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> (70% efficiency) and methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH) with a production rate of 445.5&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> (25% efficiency), demonstrating high selectivity toward solar fuel production. Furthermore, the photocatalyst maintained its structural stability and catalytic efficiency over five successive cycles, confirming its excellent durability and reusability. These findings present a viable strategy for efficient solar-driven CO<sub>2</sub> conversion using advanced perovskite-based photocatalysts.</p>

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Interfacial engineering of Ni/Cu-Loaded A2ZnTiO6/X-doped g-C3N4 schottky-contact Z-scheme heterojunction for enhanced visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Hossein Kadkhodayan,
  • Taher Alizadeh

摘要

The rapid rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels due to industrialization and transportation has intensified global warming and climate instability, highlighting the urgent need for effective carbon management technologies. Interfacial engineering of perovskite-based heterojunctions represents a green, cost-effective, and sustainable approach capable of producing solar fuels under mild conditions and it offers a promising route for efficient CO2 photoreduction under visible light. In this study, a highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst was developed based on a perovskite heterostructure. The system consists of zero-valence nickel and copper (Ni/Cu) nanoparticles as metallic co-catalysts, A2ZnTiO6 double perovskite (A-site cations = La, In, Sc, Bi) as the central photocatalyst, and X-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (X = Sn, Hf, Nd, Er) as a non-metallic co-photocatalyst. Structural, morphological, optical, and compositional properties were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, EDX-mapping, UV–vis DRS, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A Taguchi experimental design was applied to optimize key operational parameters affecting photocatalytic performance. The optimized 0D/3D/2D quantum-dot Schottky/Z-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, achieving a total CO₂ conversion of nearly 1782 μmol g−1h−1 (98% efficiency) under visible light. The main products were methane (CH4) with a production rate of 1247.4 μmol g−1h−1 (70% efficiency) and methanol (CH3OH) with a production rate of 445.5 μmol g−1h−1 (25% efficiency), demonstrating high selectivity toward solar fuel production. Furthermore, the photocatalyst maintained its structural stability and catalytic efficiency over five successive cycles, confirming its excellent durability and reusability. These findings present a viable strategy for efficient solar-driven CO2 conversion using advanced perovskite-based photocatalysts.