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<p>This study investigates the influence of different inclination angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) on GH4169 thin-walled structures fabricated by the LPBF. The results show that the building angle exerts a significant effect on the samples: 90° sample exhibits the optimal density, surface roughness, and geometric accuracy, attributed to the absence of the “step effect”. The microstructure of the samples is mainly composed of columnar grains, cellular subgrains, and cellular dendritic subgrains. Among them, 45° sample demonstrates the characteristic of epitaxial growth of columnar grains and possesses an obvious [001] texture. Tensile tests indicate that the 60° sample has excellent UTS (929 MPa) and YS (683.1 MPa), while the 90° sample shows good plasticity (31.9%), and all samples exhibit ductile fracture. The anisotropy of mechanical properties is affected by grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. After heat treatment, the samples present an equiaxed grain structure, the Laves phase dissolves, and needle-like <i>δ</i> phases precipitate at the grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the microstructure differences induced by inclination angles and the preferred orientation of texture are gradually weakened. The strength of the samples is significantly improved, with the 45° sample achieving the highest UTS (1371 MPa). However, the elongation decreases after heat treatment, and the degree of decrease becomes more pronounced as the inclination angle increases. In addition, except for the 45° sample, heat treatment weakens the anisotropy of strength and plasticity of samples with other construction angles. This provides a key process basis and direction for performance regulation in the fabrication of nickel-based alloy thin-walled structures.</p>

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Effect of construction angle on the LPBF-fabricated GH4169 thin-walled structure and heat treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Xixia Wu,
  • Yang Li,
  • Hua Yan,
  • Yaqi Zhou,
  • Peilei Zhang,
  • Qinghua Lu,
  • Haichuan Shi

摘要

This study investigates the influence of different inclination angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) on GH4169 thin-walled structures fabricated by the LPBF. The results show that the building angle exerts a significant effect on the samples: 90° sample exhibits the optimal density, surface roughness, and geometric accuracy, attributed to the absence of the “step effect”. The microstructure of the samples is mainly composed of columnar grains, cellular subgrains, and cellular dendritic subgrains. Among them, 45° sample demonstrates the characteristic of epitaxial growth of columnar grains and possesses an obvious [001] texture. Tensile tests indicate that the 60° sample has excellent UTS (929 MPa) and YS (683.1 MPa), while the 90° sample shows good plasticity (31.9%), and all samples exhibit ductile fracture. The anisotropy of mechanical properties is affected by grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. After heat treatment, the samples present an equiaxed grain structure, the Laves phase dissolves, and needle-like δ phases precipitate at the grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the microstructure differences induced by inclination angles and the preferred orientation of texture are gradually weakened. The strength of the samples is significantly improved, with the 45° sample achieving the highest UTS (1371 MPa). However, the elongation decreases after heat treatment, and the degree of decrease becomes more pronounced as the inclination angle increases. In addition, except for the 45° sample, heat treatment weakens the anisotropy of strength and plasticity of samples with other construction angles. This provides a key process basis and direction for performance regulation in the fabrication of nickel-based alloy thin-walled structures.