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<p>This study elaborates how femtosecond laser-induced microstructural orientation affects surface morphology, chemical composition, and optical response of soda–lime glass substrates. Square patterns were inscribed at four orientations (0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) using a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser system, and modifications were characterized through SEM, EDS, and FTIR spectroscopy. SEM images revealed laser-textured features whose sharpness and debris distribution varied with orientation, indicating strong dependence of ablation quality on angular alignment. EDS line scans confirmed redistribution of C, Si, and O along laser-processed surface, suggesting oxygen, silicon, and carbon variations, where FTIR spectra identified Si–O–Si asymmetric and symmetric stretching modes, alongside non-bridging oxygen vibrations, highlighting structural rearrangements in the silicate network after irradiation. Optical measurements showed increased absorbance in the UV range corresponded to reduced transmittance, with strongest effects at 0° and diminishing at higher orientations. These findings demonstrate that femtosecond laser orientation governs light scattering and absorption through microstructural ordering and chemical bonding states. The results provide insights into tailoring optical and chemical functionality of glass for photonic, sensing, and UV shielding applications including high rise building.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Geometric orientation effects of square textures in laser-modified glass surfaces

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Rahool Rai,
  • Mahadzir Ishak,
  • M. M. Quazi

摘要

This study elaborates how femtosecond laser-induced microstructural orientation affects surface morphology, chemical composition, and optical response of soda–lime glass substrates. Square patterns were inscribed at four orientations (0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) using a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser system, and modifications were characterized through SEM, EDS, and FTIR spectroscopy. SEM images revealed laser-textured features whose sharpness and debris distribution varied with orientation, indicating strong dependence of ablation quality on angular alignment. EDS line scans confirmed redistribution of C, Si, and O along laser-processed surface, suggesting oxygen, silicon, and carbon variations, where FTIR spectra identified Si–O–Si asymmetric and symmetric stretching modes, alongside non-bridging oxygen vibrations, highlighting structural rearrangements in the silicate network after irradiation. Optical measurements showed increased absorbance in the UV range corresponded to reduced transmittance, with strongest effects at 0° and diminishing at higher orientations. These findings demonstrate that femtosecond laser orientation governs light scattering and absorption through microstructural ordering and chemical bonding states. The results provide insights into tailoring optical and chemical functionality of glass for photonic, sensing, and UV shielding applications including high rise building.

Graphical abstract