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<p>The design of advanced ceramic materials with tailored structural and functional properties requires a fundamental understanding of composition–structure–property interplay. In this study, a high-entropy tungsten bronze ceramic system, (Ba<sub>0.4</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>Sr<sub>0.3x</sub>Nd<sub>x</sub>)(Nb₂<sub>−x</sub>Sb<sub>x</sub>)O<sub>6</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.125), was synthesized via solid-state reaction to investigate the influence of cationic disorder, structural order, and high atomic number (high-Z) element incorporation on gamma-ray attenuation behavior. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of a dominant tetragonal tungsten bronze structure, with enhanced phase purity and crystallinity observed at x = 0.05. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) reveals a dense, homogeneous microstructure with minimal porosity and uniform elemental distribution at this composition. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) exhibits a maximum value of 0.82&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> at 662&#xa0;keV for the x = 0.05 composition (S2), corresponding to a half-value layer (HVL) of 0.84&#xa0;mm—comparable to lead despite a significantly lower density (~ 5.8&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>). This optimized shielding response is attributed to the synergistic contribution of high-Z elements (Nd, Sb, Ba, Nb), improved structural ordering, and high packing density. Further doping (x &gt; 0.05) leads to degradation in attenuation performance, which is correlated with the emergence of amorphous intergranular phases, as evidenced by microstructural analysis, highlighting the critical role of microstructural integrity in high-entropy ceramic designs. This work demonstrates that strategic compositional tuning in high-entropy oxides can simultaneously enhance structural stability and functional performance, establishing (Ba<sub>0.4</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>Sr<sub>0.3−x</sub>Nd<sub>x</sub>)(Nb₂<sub>−x</sub>Sb<sub>x</sub>)O<sub>6</sub> as a model system for exploring the interplay between entropy-driven stabilization, microstructure, and photon-matter interactions in complex ceramics.</p>

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Radiation shielding performance of high-entropy tungsten bronze ceramics: the role of structural order and high-z elements in photon attenuation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月8日

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  • Najla Alnami,
  • Afaf M. Babeer,
  • Manal Alhazmi,
  • Abd El-Razek Mahmoud,
  • Khaled Ali

摘要

The design of advanced ceramic materials with tailored structural and functional properties requires a fundamental understanding of composition–structure–property interplay. In this study, a high-entropy tungsten bronze ceramic system, (Ba0.4Ca0.3Sr0.3xNdx)(Nb₂−xSbx)O6 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.125), was synthesized via solid-state reaction to investigate the influence of cationic disorder, structural order, and high atomic number (high-Z) element incorporation on gamma-ray attenuation behavior. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of a dominant tetragonal tungsten bronze structure, with enhanced phase purity and crystallinity observed at x = 0.05. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) reveals a dense, homogeneous microstructure with minimal porosity and uniform elemental distribution at this composition. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) exhibits a maximum value of 0.82 cm−1 at 662 keV for the x = 0.05 composition (S2), corresponding to a half-value layer (HVL) of 0.84 mm—comparable to lead despite a significantly lower density (~ 5.8 g/cm3). This optimized shielding response is attributed to the synergistic contribution of high-Z elements (Nd, Sb, Ba, Nb), improved structural ordering, and high packing density. Further doping (x > 0.05) leads to degradation in attenuation performance, which is correlated with the emergence of amorphous intergranular phases, as evidenced by microstructural analysis, highlighting the critical role of microstructural integrity in high-entropy ceramic designs. This work demonstrates that strategic compositional tuning in high-entropy oxides can simultaneously enhance structural stability and functional performance, establishing (Ba0.4Ca0.3Sr0.3−xNdx)(Nb₂−xSbx)O6 as a model system for exploring the interplay between entropy-driven stabilization, microstructure, and photon-matter interactions in complex ceramics.