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<p>This study successfully demonstrates the efficient conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) using a novel acid-base bifunctional catalyst synthesized via one-step sulfonation of carbonized melamine foam (CMF). The resulting catalyst, denoted as CMF-NSH@4331, incorporates both sulfonic acid groups and inherent secondary amine species. Comprehensive characterization via SEM, XRD, and XPS confirmed its successful synthesis and structural integrity. The catalytic activity was effectively modulated by optimizing the MF carrier structure, acid-base ratio, catalyst dosage, temperature, reaction time, and solvent system. Under optimal conditions, the CMF-NSH@4331 catalyst achieved exceptional performance, with a 98% yield and 98% selectivity toward 5-HMF. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited remarkable stability in continuous-flow experiments over 72h, maintaining a yield above 85%, underscoring its significant potential for industrial applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Efficient conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by acid-base bifunctional carbonized melamine foam catalysts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Pengyu Li,
  • Haitao Cui,
  • GuoQing Xu,
  • ChaoWang Zhou,
  • Yangyang Li,
  • Fanshun Jiang,
  • Lihua He,
  • Mingli Jiao

摘要

This study successfully demonstrates the efficient conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) using a novel acid-base bifunctional catalyst synthesized via one-step sulfonation of carbonized melamine foam (CMF). The resulting catalyst, denoted as CMF-NSH@4331, incorporates both sulfonic acid groups and inherent secondary amine species. Comprehensive characterization via SEM, XRD, and XPS confirmed its successful synthesis and structural integrity. The catalytic activity was effectively modulated by optimizing the MF carrier structure, acid-base ratio, catalyst dosage, temperature, reaction time, and solvent system. Under optimal conditions, the CMF-NSH@4331 catalyst achieved exceptional performance, with a 98% yield and 98% selectivity toward 5-HMF. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited remarkable stability in continuous-flow experiments over 72h, maintaining a yield above 85%, underscoring its significant potential for industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract