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<p>Neuroblastoma (NB) represents the most prevalent extracranial solid malignant tumor among children, and currently, the available effective treatment options are restricted. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is regarded as a non-invasive treatment modality. In order to explore enhanced treatment strategies and augment the efficacy of PDT for NB, this study devised a rapid and straightforward method for the preparation of targeted biomimetic nanocarriers. The internalizing RGD (iRGD) peptide-functionalized red blood cell membrane vesicles (RVs) prepared by this method demonstrate good stability and attain an encapsulation efficiency of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl, N-β-bromomethyl naphthyl)porphyrin (TPOR) as high as 51.14%. Within 24&#xa0;h at a pH of 5.5, the drug release efficiency reached 48%. In comparison with the photosensitizer (PS) TPOR used in isolation, its cytotoxicity towards SH-SY5Y cells increased by a factor of 1; the cellular uptake efficiency improved by 2.4 times; and the ability to induce apoptosis increased by a factor of 2.8. Tumor—specific penetration facilitated by iRGD and prolonged systemic circulation enabled by the red blood cell membrane (RBCM) significantly boosted the drug delivery efficiency, with the migration inhibition increasing by 16.3 times. In vivo experiments indicated that the tumor growth inhibition rate of iRGD-RBCM@TPOR nanoparticles against NB reached 91.45%. These findings underscore the potential of integrating active targeting with biomimetic membrane–based co–delivery strategies in the PDT of NB and offer a promising platform for the targeted application of engineered RVs in tumor PDT.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Drug delivery mediated by iRGD-modified red blood cell membranes enhances the photodynamic therapeutic efficacy in neuroblastoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Xiaohan Wu,
  • Hanghang Jiang,
  • Xuelian Luo,
  • L. Chunrong,
  • Yajie Pang,
  • Conghui Wang,
  • Song Xiao

摘要

Neuroblastoma (NB) represents the most prevalent extracranial solid malignant tumor among children, and currently, the available effective treatment options are restricted. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is regarded as a non-invasive treatment modality. In order to explore enhanced treatment strategies and augment the efficacy of PDT for NB, this study devised a rapid and straightforward method for the preparation of targeted biomimetic nanocarriers. The internalizing RGD (iRGD) peptide-functionalized red blood cell membrane vesicles (RVs) prepared by this method demonstrate good stability and attain an encapsulation efficiency of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl, N-β-bromomethyl naphthyl)porphyrin (TPOR) as high as 51.14%. Within 24 h at a pH of 5.5, the drug release efficiency reached 48%. In comparison with the photosensitizer (PS) TPOR used in isolation, its cytotoxicity towards SH-SY5Y cells increased by a factor of 1; the cellular uptake efficiency improved by 2.4 times; and the ability to induce apoptosis increased by a factor of 2.8. Tumor—specific penetration facilitated by iRGD and prolonged systemic circulation enabled by the red blood cell membrane (RBCM) significantly boosted the drug delivery efficiency, with the migration inhibition increasing by 16.3 times. In vivo experiments indicated that the tumor growth inhibition rate of iRGD-RBCM@TPOR nanoparticles against NB reached 91.45%. These findings underscore the potential of integrating active targeting with biomimetic membrane–based co–delivery strategies in the PDT of NB and offer a promising platform for the targeted application of engineered RVs in tumor PDT.

Graphical abstract