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<p>Ionic liquid-based flexible temperature sensors have recently garnered significant research interest. Nevertheless, a major obstacle to their practical application lies in the propensity of ionic liquids (ILs) to leak from flexible substrates, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), which significantly compromises their operational stability. To address this challenge, this work leverages the bridging effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to improve the binding capability of TPU flexible substrate toward ILs. SAPs, characterized by their inherent hydrophilic functional groups, are capable of establishing hydrogen bonds with both ILs and TPU substrate. This dual-hydrogen-bonding capability enables SAPs to act as an effective molecular bridge, modifying the intermolecular interactions between ILs and TPU. Consequently, the fabricated flexible TPU/IL/SAP temperature sensor exhibits a wide temperature-sensing range (− 20 to 80 °C), coupled with high detection resolution (0.1 °C), excellent linearity (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.995), remarkable sensitivity (TCR =  − 0.043/°C) within the critical 35–45 °C range, and a long-term durability (60&#xa0;days). In addition, this work also designs a temperature readout circuit. The body temperature data are wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth, which can realize real-time body temperature monitoring and display it on the mobile phone for users and medical staff. These properties render the sensor highly suitable for human breathing detection and real-time body temperature monitoring. These features will significantly enhance the practical application of wearable temperature sensors in smart healthcare.</p>

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Superabsorbent polymer-bridged ionic liquid sensors for flexible temperature sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Haoran Cao,
  • Hongming Lv,
  • Haoqi Liu,
  • Xiaosai Hu

摘要

Ionic liquid-based flexible temperature sensors have recently garnered significant research interest. Nevertheless, a major obstacle to their practical application lies in the propensity of ionic liquids (ILs) to leak from flexible substrates, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), which significantly compromises their operational stability. To address this challenge, this work leverages the bridging effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to improve the binding capability of TPU flexible substrate toward ILs. SAPs, characterized by their inherent hydrophilic functional groups, are capable of establishing hydrogen bonds with both ILs and TPU substrate. This dual-hydrogen-bonding capability enables SAPs to act as an effective molecular bridge, modifying the intermolecular interactions between ILs and TPU. Consequently, the fabricated flexible TPU/IL/SAP temperature sensor exhibits a wide temperature-sensing range (− 20 to 80 °C), coupled with high detection resolution (0.1 °C), excellent linearity (R2 = 0.995), remarkable sensitivity (TCR =  − 0.043/°C) within the critical 35–45 °C range, and a long-term durability (60 days). In addition, this work also designs a temperature readout circuit. The body temperature data are wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth, which can realize real-time body temperature monitoring and display it on the mobile phone for users and medical staff. These properties render the sensor highly suitable for human breathing detection and real-time body temperature monitoring. These features will significantly enhance the practical application of wearable temperature sensors in smart healthcare.