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<p>GCr15 bearing steel, the primary material for high-end bearings, is widely employed in automotive manufacturing, precision machine tools, and aerospace applications. However, surface degradation due to wear and fatigue in service environments often leads to premature failure. Therefore, enhancing the wear resistance of bearing surfaces is of critical importance. This study aims to optimize the microstructure and properties of RE-GCr15 bearing steel through a combined process of carbonitriding and ultrasonic rolling, investigating the resultant microstructural evolution and tribological behavior. Results indicate that while carbonitriding forms a deep carbonitride layer on RE-GCr15, excessive carbon infiltration elevates retained austenite (RA) content to 40.04%, resulting in a lower surface hardness (697.78 HV) compared to conventionally quenched-tempered specimens (780.42 HV). Ultrasonic rolling, however, induces stress-driven martensitic transformation, reducing RA content to 28.39% and significantly increasing surface hardness to 881.11 HV. The composite strengthening layer depth exceeds 150&#xa0;μm. Carbonitrided specimens exhibit severe adhesive wear due to high RA content, with a wear rate (22.975 × 10<sup>–4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/m·N) significantly higher than that of quenched-tempered specimens (6.956 × 10<sup>–4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/m·N). Conversely, ultrasonic rolling introduces compressive residual stresses and grain refinement, reducing the wear rate to 2.098 × 10<sup>–4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/m·N and shifting the dominant mechanism to abrasive wear. In summary, the synergistic combination of carbonitriding and ultrasonic rolling provides an effective technical approach to enhancing the wear resistance and extending the service life of bearing steels.</p>

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Effect of the carbonitriding-ultrasonic rolling compound process on the surface microstructure and wear resistance of RE-GCr15 bearing steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Yanfeng Yuan,
  • Yang Song,
  • Hong Yan,
  • Jia Liu,
  • Fangqiang Ning,
  • Yikun Luan,
  • Long Huang

摘要

GCr15 bearing steel, the primary material for high-end bearings, is widely employed in automotive manufacturing, precision machine tools, and aerospace applications. However, surface degradation due to wear and fatigue in service environments often leads to premature failure. Therefore, enhancing the wear resistance of bearing surfaces is of critical importance. This study aims to optimize the microstructure and properties of RE-GCr15 bearing steel through a combined process of carbonitriding and ultrasonic rolling, investigating the resultant microstructural evolution and tribological behavior. Results indicate that while carbonitriding forms a deep carbonitride layer on RE-GCr15, excessive carbon infiltration elevates retained austenite (RA) content to 40.04%, resulting in a lower surface hardness (697.78 HV) compared to conventionally quenched-tempered specimens (780.42 HV). Ultrasonic rolling, however, induces stress-driven martensitic transformation, reducing RA content to 28.39% and significantly increasing surface hardness to 881.11 HV. The composite strengthening layer depth exceeds 150 μm. Carbonitrided specimens exhibit severe adhesive wear due to high RA content, with a wear rate (22.975 × 10–4 mm3/m·N) significantly higher than that of quenched-tempered specimens (6.956 × 10–4 mm3/m·N). Conversely, ultrasonic rolling introduces compressive residual stresses and grain refinement, reducing the wear rate to 2.098 × 10–4 mm3/m·N and shifting the dominant mechanism to abrasive wear. In summary, the synergistic combination of carbonitriding and ultrasonic rolling provides an effective technical approach to enhancing the wear resistance and extending the service life of bearing steels.