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<p>Traditional fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces usually relies on fluorine modification, which causes environmental pollution. Existing processes struggle to achieve a balance between high hydrophobicity, low adhesion, and mechanical durability. Inspired by the unique groove arrays and tiny surface protrusions of rice leaves, we developed a fluorine-free superhydrophobic surface by combining SLM technology with CNT modification. Bionic microstructures were fabricated using SLM technology, followed by constructing multi-scale hierarchical morphologies with a CNT/polydimethylsiloxane composite coating. After 8 optimized spray cycles, the surface exhibited superior contact angle of 154.3° and low sliding angle of 8.3°, surpassing traditional fluorosilane-modified surfaces. We found that the CNT-modified surface demonstrated excellent droplet rebound characteristics with reduced contact time and enhanced rebound dynamics, attributable to its extremely low adhesion force of only 21.8&#xa0;μN. CNT-modified specimens were evaluated for mechanical durability, chemical stability, and outdoor weather resistance, showing superior performance compared to fluorosilane-modified counterparts. Furthermore, the surface also exhibited remarkable self-cleaning performance. In fluid dynamic drag reduction tests, the CNT-modified surface achieved a significant drag reduction efficiency of 35.89%, much higher than the 31.25% observed on the fluorosilane-modified surfaces. This enhanced performance is attributed to the composite micro–nanostructures outstanding ability to stabilize the air film, thereby promoting interfacial slip. This study presents a promising fluorine-free strategy for designing robust superhydrophobic surfaces with combined anti-adhesion, self-cleaning, and drag reduction functions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces with bouncing and drag reduction enabled by selective laser melting and CNT modification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Hang Yan,
  • Fuhua Xia,
  • Lixiang Chen,
  • Ganjiang Ruan,
  • Qiaoxin Zhang,
  • Wenwen Xing,
  • Jingui Yu

摘要

Traditional fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces usually relies on fluorine modification, which causes environmental pollution. Existing processes struggle to achieve a balance between high hydrophobicity, low adhesion, and mechanical durability. Inspired by the unique groove arrays and tiny surface protrusions of rice leaves, we developed a fluorine-free superhydrophobic surface by combining SLM technology with CNT modification. Bionic microstructures were fabricated using SLM technology, followed by constructing multi-scale hierarchical morphologies with a CNT/polydimethylsiloxane composite coating. After 8 optimized spray cycles, the surface exhibited superior contact angle of 154.3° and low sliding angle of 8.3°, surpassing traditional fluorosilane-modified surfaces. We found that the CNT-modified surface demonstrated excellent droplet rebound characteristics with reduced contact time and enhanced rebound dynamics, attributable to its extremely low adhesion force of only 21.8 μN. CNT-modified specimens were evaluated for mechanical durability, chemical stability, and outdoor weather resistance, showing superior performance compared to fluorosilane-modified counterparts. Furthermore, the surface also exhibited remarkable self-cleaning performance. In fluid dynamic drag reduction tests, the CNT-modified surface achieved a significant drag reduction efficiency of 35.89%, much higher than the 31.25% observed on the fluorosilane-modified surfaces. This enhanced performance is attributed to the composite micro–nanostructures outstanding ability to stabilize the air film, thereby promoting interfacial slip. This study presents a promising fluorine-free strategy for designing robust superhydrophobic surfaces with combined anti-adhesion, self-cleaning, and drag reduction functions.

Graphical Abstract