Deciphering coexisting structural phases and twin variants in nano-lamellae type morphology in Ca3Mn2O7 (n = 2) Ruddlesden–Popper member
摘要
The Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) layered perovskite family is well known for its diverse functionalities. RP members are amenable to structural changes when subjected to a change in temperature. A minor change in the structure of a given RP member substantially influences the resultant functionality of each structural variant. It is therefore essential to decipher such preferred structural variations, planar defects, and their morphology in the as-synthesized sample at ambient conditions, prior to its use for functional applications. Ca3Mn2O7 (n = 2) RP member is synthesized through the Pechini citrate gel technique. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques have been used to demonstrate the coexistence of orthorhombic A21am (SG# 36) and Acaa (SG# 68) structural phases in the as-synthesized sample at ambient conditions. The experimental observation is supported by density functional theory calculations. This confirms that the A21am and Acaa orthorhombic Ca3Mn2O7 structural phases are energetically comparable and structurally stable. A 90° oriented merohedral twin variant of the orthorhombic A21am phase is experimentally observed along the [001] axis. The nano-lamellae type morphology of these variants is observed with interfaces parallel to the (001) plane. The lamellae are stacked along the [001] direction. The two coexisting phases differ structurally by a variation in octahedral tilting distortion and A-cation displacement.
Graphical Abstract