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<p>To mitigate electrostatic accumulation and optical radiation hazards on spacecraft surfaces operating in harsh space environments, electrostatic protective coatings were fabricated via screen-printing using a Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–ZnO glass frit combined with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) fillers. The coatings’ microstructure, crystallinity, adhesion, electrical conductivity, and optical properties were systematically characterized. Reflectance in the visible–near-infrared (Vis–NIR) region increased markedly with increasing AZO content, while the surface resistivity decreased and stabilized beyond 60 wt.% AZO. The dielectric constant (ε′) of the coatings gradually decreased with increasing AZO loading, reaching approximately 7.4 at 60 wt.%. In contrast, the dielectric loss (tan δ) exhibited frequency-dependent enhancement in the mid-to-high X-band range (8–10&#xa0;GHz), particularly evident in samples near the leakage threshold. These electrical variations are mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of the expanded AZO conductive network, increased coating porosity, and interfacial space-charge accumulation at AZO/glass and pore boundaries. Furthermore, accelerated UV-ageing and thermal cycling tests revealed no significant changes in the coating’s microstructural integrity or key optical parameters, indicating excellent stability under laboratory-scale extreme conditions. This work offers an effective strategy for designing multifunctional spacecraft surface coatings with integrated electrostatic protection and high optical reflectivity.</p>

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Preparation and dielectric properties of AZO-doped antistatic, highly reflective glass coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Liang Zhang,
  • Wangming Shi,
  • Xinrui Gao,
  • Jianqiang Sun,
  • Lida Luo,
  • Qingwei Wang

摘要

To mitigate electrostatic accumulation and optical radiation hazards on spacecraft surfaces operating in harsh space environments, electrostatic protective coatings were fabricated via screen-printing using a Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–ZnO glass frit combined with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) fillers. The coatings’ microstructure, crystallinity, adhesion, electrical conductivity, and optical properties were systematically characterized. Reflectance in the visible–near-infrared (Vis–NIR) region increased markedly with increasing AZO content, while the surface resistivity decreased and stabilized beyond 60 wt.% AZO. The dielectric constant (ε′) of the coatings gradually decreased with increasing AZO loading, reaching approximately 7.4 at 60 wt.%. In contrast, the dielectric loss (tan δ) exhibited frequency-dependent enhancement in the mid-to-high X-band range (8–10 GHz), particularly evident in samples near the leakage threshold. These electrical variations are mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of the expanded AZO conductive network, increased coating porosity, and interfacial space-charge accumulation at AZO/glass and pore boundaries. Furthermore, accelerated UV-ageing and thermal cycling tests revealed no significant changes in the coating’s microstructural integrity or key optical parameters, indicating excellent stability under laboratory-scale extreme conditions. This work offers an effective strategy for designing multifunctional spacecraft surface coatings with integrated electrostatic protection and high optical reflectivity.