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<p>The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a fundamental electrochemical process that plays a crucial role in fuel cells and zinc-air batteries. Currently, platinum (Pt) based materials are the most commonly used ORR catalysts; however, the scarcity and high cost of Pt significantly limits the large-scale commercialization of fuel cells. In recent years, biomass-derived catalysts have emerged as promising candidates. In this study, Cu- and N-doped layered biomass-derived carbon materials (Cu–N–C) were synthesized through a hydrothermal method followed by high-temperature pyrolysis. Three types of biomass-derived carbon catalysts (Cu–N–C-x) were prepared by varying the amount of Cu precursor. Among these, the Cu–N–C-0.8 catalyst exhibited the highest onset potential (0.886&#xa0;V) and half-wave potential (0.786&#xa0;V) in alkaline solution. The calculated electron transfer number of 3.96 indicates a dominant four-electron ORR pathway. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and strong methanol tolerance. When employed as the cathode in a zinc-air battery, the Cu–N–C-0.8 catalyst achieved a maximum power density of 254.5 mW m<sup>−2</sup>. The superior ORR activity and zinc-air cell performance of the Cu–N–C-0.8 catalyst can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Cu and N co-doping and the unique folded layered surface structure. This synthesis strategy not only enables scalable production but also offers a sustainable approach to utilizing biomass waste, thereby reducing environmental pollution.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Cu,N-doped biomass carbon catalyst enhanced oxygen reduction reaction and zinc-air battery performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Wei Sun,
  • Yinuo Niu,
  • Ying Sun,
  • Fengyan Yi,
  • Chuanyan Xu,
  • Guohong Ren,
  • Zhongsu Liu

摘要

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a fundamental electrochemical process that plays a crucial role in fuel cells and zinc-air batteries. Currently, platinum (Pt) based materials are the most commonly used ORR catalysts; however, the scarcity and high cost of Pt significantly limits the large-scale commercialization of fuel cells. In recent years, biomass-derived catalysts have emerged as promising candidates. In this study, Cu- and N-doped layered biomass-derived carbon materials (Cu–N–C) were synthesized through a hydrothermal method followed by high-temperature pyrolysis. Three types of biomass-derived carbon catalysts (Cu–N–C-x) were prepared by varying the amount of Cu precursor. Among these, the Cu–N–C-0.8 catalyst exhibited the highest onset potential (0.886 V) and half-wave potential (0.786 V) in alkaline solution. The calculated electron transfer number of 3.96 indicates a dominant four-electron ORR pathway. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and strong methanol tolerance. When employed as the cathode in a zinc-air battery, the Cu–N–C-0.8 catalyst achieved a maximum power density of 254.5 mW m−2. The superior ORR activity and zinc-air cell performance of the Cu–N–C-0.8 catalyst can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Cu and N co-doping and the unique folded layered surface structure. This synthesis strategy not only enables scalable production but also offers a sustainable approach to utilizing biomass waste, thereby reducing environmental pollution.

Graphical Abstract