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<p>Organophosphate pesticide, fenitrothion (FNT), is being used in agriculture to protect the crops and improve their yields. However, an extensive use of FNT has raised concerns due to its persistence in the environment, which creates toxicity, leading to a ban in several countries. In this study, an innovative and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles-grafted Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> has been utilized to detect the FNT in real samples using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. A simple electrophoretic deposition process was used to fabricate the CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>@ITO electrode. The electrochemical results confirm that the sensor has strong selectivity, high sensitivity (0.728 µA pM<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>), and low detection limit of 1&#xa0;pM. These findings reveal that the CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>@ITO electrode may be a better alternative to other conventional methods.</p> Graphical abstract

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Novel non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor using CeO2-incorporated Ti3C2Tx for fenitrothion detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Yashaswini,
  • Sweety,
  • Divya Hudda,
  • Devendra Kumar

摘要

Organophosphate pesticide, fenitrothion (FNT), is being used in agriculture to protect the crops and improve their yields. However, an extensive use of FNT has raised concerns due to its persistence in the environment, which creates toxicity, leading to a ban in several countries. In this study, an innovative and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on CeO2 nanoparticles-grafted Ti3C2Tx has been utilized to detect the FNT in real samples using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. A simple electrophoretic deposition process was used to fabricate the CeO2/Ti3C2Tx@ITO electrode. The electrochemical results confirm that the sensor has strong selectivity, high sensitivity (0.728 µA pM−1 cm−2), and low detection limit of 1 pM. These findings reveal that the CeO2/Ti3C2Tx@ITO electrode may be a better alternative to other conventional methods.

Graphical abstract