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<p>To develop tailor-made materials, we designed nanometric systems with dual temperature and pH responsiveness, based on a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) physically crosslinked with tannic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs@TA), forming hybrid PVCL-MNPs@TA nanogels. These hybrid nanogels integrate the temperature sensitivity of PVCL with the pH-responsive behavior of MNPs, offering potential applications in nanocatalysis and targeted nanomedicine. The nanogels were characterized by FTIR, DLS, Z-potential, TEM, and SEM–EDS, revealing uniform nanoscale sizes and favorable polydispersity values. Increased crosslinker content led to larger hydrodynamic diameters and higher phase transition temperatures, reaching 289&#xa0;nm and 39.2&#xa0;°C. Stability studies over one month under different pH conditions showed that nanogels remained stable in physiological and alkaline media but tended to aggregate in acidic environments, likely due to surface charge effects. Catalytic activity was evaluated via Rhodamine B degradation in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Low activity was observed under healthy tissue conditions (37&#xa0;°C, pH 7), but significant enhancement occurred under tumor-like conditions (acidic pH, lower temperatures), achieving up to 65% degradation after 24&#xa0;h. These PVCL-MNPs@TA hybrid nanogels demonstrate a synergistic interplay between thermal and pH responsiveness, making them promising candidates for stimuli-responsive systems in controlled nanocatalytic applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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PVCL-magnetite hybrid nanogels: a dual-responsive approach for enhanced nanocatalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Anabella P. Rosso,
  • Santiago Marzini Irranca,
  • Juan Cruz Bonafé Allende,
  • Eduardo A. Coronado,
  • Marisa Martinelli

摘要

To develop tailor-made materials, we designed nanometric systems with dual temperature and pH responsiveness, based on a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) physically crosslinked with tannic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs@TA), forming hybrid PVCL-MNPs@TA nanogels. These hybrid nanogels integrate the temperature sensitivity of PVCL with the pH-responsive behavior of MNPs, offering potential applications in nanocatalysis and targeted nanomedicine. The nanogels were characterized by FTIR, DLS, Z-potential, TEM, and SEM–EDS, revealing uniform nanoscale sizes and favorable polydispersity values. Increased crosslinker content led to larger hydrodynamic diameters and higher phase transition temperatures, reaching 289 nm and 39.2 °C. Stability studies over one month under different pH conditions showed that nanogels remained stable in physiological and alkaline media but tended to aggregate in acidic environments, likely due to surface charge effects. Catalytic activity was evaluated via Rhodamine B degradation in the presence of H2O2. Low activity was observed under healthy tissue conditions (37 °C, pH 7), but significant enhancement occurred under tumor-like conditions (acidic pH, lower temperatures), achieving up to 65% degradation after 24 h. These PVCL-MNPs@TA hybrid nanogels demonstrate a synergistic interplay between thermal and pH responsiveness, making them promising candidates for stimuli-responsive systems in controlled nanocatalytic applications.

Graphical abstract