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<p>Polylactide is widely used in cardiovascular surgery and regenerative medicine. Despite its numerous advantages as a biomaterial, its lack of radiopacity limits the applications of polylactide in medical fields that require intra- and postoperative monitoring of the implant (e.g., for positioning, displacement, migration) and in vivo tracking of its biodegradation This study investigates the development of radiopaque composite materials based on polylactide and barium sulfate. A holistic assessment was conducted to examine the influence of filler concentration on the mechanical, physicochemical, and radiopaque properties of these materials. The feasibility of utilizing them for 3D printing objects with complex geometries was demonstrated. Optimal processing parameters yielded a uniform distribution of predominantly submicron-sized particles (100–300&#xa0;nm) within the polymer matrix while preserving a high weight-average molecular weight (130.8&#xa0;kDa). The predominantly hydrophobic surface radiopaque composite materials (RCMs) exhibited significant anisotropy in their mechanical properties. The adding of the BaSO<sub>4</sub> was found to have no effect on tensile strength. However, it substantially influenced the compressive yield strength and flexural yield strength. Specifically, the incorporation of 7.5% barium sulfate increased the compressive yield strength to 88.4&#xa0;MPa and the flexural yield strength to 106.0&#xa0;MPa. It was established that introducing 7.5% barium sulfate represents the minimum concentration required to ensure an optimal balance between radiopacity and mechanical characteristics. Consequently, it has been substantiated that composite biomaterials based on polylactide and barium sulfate demonstrate significant potential for application as a radiopaque material for biomedical 3D printing.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Designing X-ray visible polylactide composites: holistic assessment of barium sulfate concentration effects on material properties and 3D printability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • N. V. Knyazev,
  • A. E. Krupnin,
  • D. G. Breshenkov,
  • A. A. Khmelevsky,
  • S. N. Malakhov,
  • V. V. Pobezhimov,
  • A. A. Nesmelov,
  • P. V. Dmitryakov,
  • A. A. Stupnikov,
  • D. S. Blokhin,
  • N. G. Sedush,
  • E. R. Charchyan,
  • S. N. Chvalun

摘要

Polylactide is widely used in cardiovascular surgery and regenerative medicine. Despite its numerous advantages as a biomaterial, its lack of radiopacity limits the applications of polylactide in medical fields that require intra- and postoperative monitoring of the implant (e.g., for positioning, displacement, migration) and in vivo tracking of its biodegradation This study investigates the development of radiopaque composite materials based on polylactide and barium sulfate. A holistic assessment was conducted to examine the influence of filler concentration on the mechanical, physicochemical, and radiopaque properties of these materials. The feasibility of utilizing them for 3D printing objects with complex geometries was demonstrated. Optimal processing parameters yielded a uniform distribution of predominantly submicron-sized particles (100–300 nm) within the polymer matrix while preserving a high weight-average molecular weight (130.8 kDa). The predominantly hydrophobic surface radiopaque composite materials (RCMs) exhibited significant anisotropy in their mechanical properties. The adding of the BaSO4 was found to have no effect on tensile strength. However, it substantially influenced the compressive yield strength and flexural yield strength. Specifically, the incorporation of 7.5% barium sulfate increased the compressive yield strength to 88.4 MPa and the flexural yield strength to 106.0 MPa. It was established that introducing 7.5% barium sulfate represents the minimum concentration required to ensure an optimal balance between radiopacity and mechanical characteristics. Consequently, it has been substantiated that composite biomaterials based on polylactide and barium sulfate demonstrate significant potential for application as a radiopaque material for biomedical 3D printing.

Graphical Abstract