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<p>To enhance the performance of the AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> high-entropy alloy (HEA) and expand its potential engineering applications, this study investigated the effects of Nb addition on its precipitate phases, strength–toughness balance, and mechanical behavior. The results show that the introduction of Nb promotes the formation of (Cr, Fe, Ni)<sub>2</sub>Nb-type Laves phases and eutectic structures in the alloy, while refining the FCC phase, coarsening the BCC phase, and precipitating particulate Laves phases uniformly within the BCC matrix. The impact mechanism of the eutectic phases and the dispersed Laves phases on the alloy’s strength–toughness synergy was systematically analyzed through the indentations and crack features observed in microhardness tests. With increasing Nb content, both the average microhardness and wear resistance of the alloy were significantly improved. Compared with the AlCoCrFeNi<sub>2.1</sub> HEA, the AlCoCrFeNb<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>2.1</sub> alloy exhibited a 210% increase in microhardness and an 86% reduction in wear rate. This study provides a quantitative basis for using Nb within a specific addition range to regulate precipitate phases and achieve a balanced optimization of the mechanical properties in this series of high-entropy alloys.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhancement of strength–toughness and wear resistance of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 high-entropy alloys by Nb addition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月27日

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  • Chongmei Wang,
  • Zhaobing Cai,
  • Guojun Ma,
  • Yinghui Dong,
  • Rodrigue Armel Muvunyi,
  • Le Gu,
  • Mengke Liu

摘要

To enhance the performance of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 high-entropy alloy (HEA) and expand its potential engineering applications, this study investigated the effects of Nb addition on its precipitate phases, strength–toughness balance, and mechanical behavior. The results show that the introduction of Nb promotes the formation of (Cr, Fe, Ni)2Nb-type Laves phases and eutectic structures in the alloy, while refining the FCC phase, coarsening the BCC phase, and precipitating particulate Laves phases uniformly within the BCC matrix. The impact mechanism of the eutectic phases and the dispersed Laves phases on the alloy’s strength–toughness synergy was systematically analyzed through the indentations and crack features observed in microhardness tests. With increasing Nb content, both the average microhardness and wear resistance of the alloy were significantly improved. Compared with the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 HEA, the AlCoCrFeNb0.6Ni2.1 alloy exhibited a 210% increase in microhardness and an 86% reduction in wear rate. This study provides a quantitative basis for using Nb within a specific addition range to regulate precipitate phases and achieve a balanced optimization of the mechanical properties in this series of high-entropy alloys.

Graphical abstract