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<p>This study provides a comprehensive thermodynamic description of the Fe–Sn–Ti ternary system using the CALPHAD method, integrating new differential thermal analysis results with experimental data and the literature to establish a consistent reaction scheme and phase diagram topology. The innovative aspects include confirmation of five ternary intermetallic compounds (<i>τ</i><sub>1</sub>–<i>τ</i><sub>1</sub>), identification of wide homogeneity ranges for <i>τ</i><sub>1</sub>, <i>τ</i><sub>2</sub>, and <i>τ</i><sub>5</sub>, and demonstration of significant ternary extensions of binary phases <i>λ</i>, <i>ξ</i>, and <i>π</i>. A key novelty lies in the discovery of three distinct monotectic reactions, including a unique continuous invariant four-phase monotectic reaction L ↔ L′′ +<i> π</i> + <i>τ</i><sub>1</sub> at 1011.5 °C, accompanied by bell-shaped divergences in heat capacity rather than classical cusp-like singularities. This continuous equilibria framework offers a coherent interpretation of phase equilibria and thermodynamic behavior without violating the Gibbs phase rule, advancing understanding of liquid–liquid phase separation and ordering phenomena. The developed thermodynamic description enables reliable calculation of phase equilibria, showing good agreement with experimental data while highlighting areas of discrepancy that guide further refinement.</p>

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Phase equilibria in the Fe–Sn–Ti system. Part 3: thermodynamic description

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • V. Witusiewicz,
  • I. Fartushna,
  • M. Bulanova

摘要

This study provides a comprehensive thermodynamic description of the Fe–Sn–Ti ternary system using the CALPHAD method, integrating new differential thermal analysis results with experimental data and the literature to establish a consistent reaction scheme and phase diagram topology. The innovative aspects include confirmation of five ternary intermetallic compounds (τ1–τ1), identification of wide homogeneity ranges for τ1, τ2, and τ5, and demonstration of significant ternary extensions of binary phases λ, ξ, and π. A key novelty lies in the discovery of three distinct monotectic reactions, including a unique continuous invariant four-phase monotectic reaction L ↔ L′′ + π + τ1 at 1011.5 °C, accompanied by bell-shaped divergences in heat capacity rather than classical cusp-like singularities. This continuous equilibria framework offers a coherent interpretation of phase equilibria and thermodynamic behavior without violating the Gibbs phase rule, advancing understanding of liquid–liquid phase separation and ordering phenomena. The developed thermodynamic description enables reliable calculation of phase equilibria, showing good agreement with experimental data while highlighting areas of discrepancy that guide further refinement.