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<p>This study investigates how varying radio frequency (RF) plasma power influences nitrogen doping efficiency and mechanical bending performance in reduced graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (rGO-PEDOT:PSS) nanocomposites. This works also explained on how the conductive polymer matrix affects nitrogen doping stability and sensor performance under different plasma conditions. This is crucial for developing reliable, flexible sensors for wearable and rehabilitation technologies, where materials must endure repeated mechanical stress while maintaining electrical functionality. Structural and chemical analyses using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that nitrogen doping initiates at just 10&#xa0;W, with optimal doping levels of 10.2% in NrGO and 13.4% in NrGO-PEDOT:PSS was achieved at 40&#xa0;W. Notably, the presence of graphitic-N configurations in NrGO were sustained only up to 20&#xa0;W, whereas NrGO-PEDOT:PSS maintained these configurations up to 80&#xa0;W, demonstrating superior chemical and structural stability. The PEDOT:PSS matrix was found to encapsulate and protect the GO sheets during plasma exposure, shielding them from some of the detrimental effects of the plasma treatment, such as excessive oxygen removal or physical damage. Bending sensor tests confirmed that NrGO-PEDOT:PSS maintained stable performance up to 80&#xa0;W, outperforming pristine NrGO. These findings highlight the synergetic benefits of combining GO with PEDOT:PSS, offering a promising route toward high-performance, flexible bending sensors for applications such as ankle rehabilitation sensors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comparative study on nitrogen doping and bending performance of rGO and rGO-PEDOT:PSS for deformation sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Shafarina Azlinda Ahmad Kamal,
  • Richard Anak Ritikos,
  • Boon Tong Goh,
  • Syed Muhammad Hafiz,
  • Hideki Nakajima,
  • Sarayut Tunmee

摘要

This study investigates how varying radio frequency (RF) plasma power influences nitrogen doping efficiency and mechanical bending performance in reduced graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (rGO-PEDOT:PSS) nanocomposites. This works also explained on how the conductive polymer matrix affects nitrogen doping stability and sensor performance under different plasma conditions. This is crucial for developing reliable, flexible sensors for wearable and rehabilitation technologies, where materials must endure repeated mechanical stress while maintaining electrical functionality. Structural and chemical analyses using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that nitrogen doping initiates at just 10 W, with optimal doping levels of 10.2% in NrGO and 13.4% in NrGO-PEDOT:PSS was achieved at 40 W. Notably, the presence of graphitic-N configurations in NrGO were sustained only up to 20 W, whereas NrGO-PEDOT:PSS maintained these configurations up to 80 W, demonstrating superior chemical and structural stability. The PEDOT:PSS matrix was found to encapsulate and protect the GO sheets during plasma exposure, shielding them from some of the detrimental effects of the plasma treatment, such as excessive oxygen removal or physical damage. Bending sensor tests confirmed that NrGO-PEDOT:PSS maintained stable performance up to 80 W, outperforming pristine NrGO. These findings highlight the synergetic benefits of combining GO with PEDOT:PSS, offering a promising route toward high-performance, flexible bending sensors for applications such as ankle rehabilitation sensors.

Graphical abstract