Silane-modified waste amethyst as a functional filler in PVDF-HFP composites for flexible dielectric and energy applications
摘要
This study presents a sustainable materials-engineering approach to enhance the multifunctional performance of fluoropolymer composites by incorporating surface-modified mineral waste into a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) matrix. Silica-rich amethyst waste, a by-product of gemstone processing, was treated with silane-69 to strengthen interfacial bonding and promote uniform dispersion. PVDF-HFP composite films containing 0–1 phr of the modified amethyst were fabricated and systematically analysed to clarify the relationships between composition, structure, and properties. The incorporation of the treated amethyst significantly increased the β-phase crystallinity of PVDF-HFP (up to 87.6%), enhanced tensile strength (from 4.75 to 7.43 MPa), and improved the dielectric constant (from 5.00 to 9.94), while maintaining low dielectric losses. Optimal performance was achieved at a filler loading of 0.5 phr, beyond which excessive filler led to reduced interfacial adhesion and diminished properties. This work reveals an energy-efficient strategy for transforming industrial waste into flexible dielectric materials, with strong potential in electronics, sensors, and energy-storage devices.
Graphical abstract