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<p>A duplex cold treatment process was designed for a 2.2-GPa-grade stainless steel, enhancing strength–ductility synergy through microstructural refinement. The first cold treatment, post-solution, refined the initial microstructure by transforming 35% of austenite and introducing a high dislocation density (15.8 × 10<sup>11</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>). The strategic second cold treatment, interposed between aging steps, further reduced the martensitic block size to 34&#xa0;μm and preserved a 9% higher dislocation density (9.4 × 10<sup>11</sup>&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>), suppressing recovery and promoting finer nanoprecipitates. This yielded a 152&#xa0;MPa strength advantage, achieving 1531&#xa0;MPa ultimate strength, primarily from Orowan strengthening (1144&#xa0;MPa) by dual Mo-rich nanoparticles (<i>M</i><sub>2</sub>C and Laves phase) and matrix strengthening (338&#xa0;MPa). The optimized microstructure enhanced work-hardening capacity and ductility, despite reduced impact toughness from diminished austenite content.</p>

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Deciphering the influence of duplex cold treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2.2-GPa-grade precipitation-hardening stainless steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Zhe Yang,
  • Wentao Luo,
  • Jia Li,
  • Boxuan Cao,
  • Quanqing Zeng,
  • Zhenbao Liu,
  • Yilu Zhao,
  • Rongpei Shi,
  • Jiaqi Hu,
  • Jun Wei

摘要

A duplex cold treatment process was designed for a 2.2-GPa-grade stainless steel, enhancing strength–ductility synergy through microstructural refinement. The first cold treatment, post-solution, refined the initial microstructure by transforming 35% of austenite and introducing a high dislocation density (15.8 × 1011 cm−2). The strategic second cold treatment, interposed between aging steps, further reduced the martensitic block size to 34 μm and preserved a 9% higher dislocation density (9.4 × 1011 cm−2), suppressing recovery and promoting finer nanoprecipitates. This yielded a 152 MPa strength advantage, achieving 1531 MPa ultimate strength, primarily from Orowan strengthening (1144 MPa) by dual Mo-rich nanoparticles (M2C and Laves phase) and matrix strengthening (338 MPa). The optimized microstructure enhanced work-hardening capacity and ductility, despite reduced impact toughness from diminished austenite content.