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<p>Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-incorporated electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats were produced to offer multifunctional functions, from enhancing dielectric properties to electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and hydrophobicity. The structural and chemical characteristics were confirmed by SEM and FTIR, verifying homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial bonding between PAN, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and CNTs. Impedance analysis revealed a significant increase in electrical conductivity from 0.27&#xa0;S/m (PAN–TiO<sub>2</sub>) to 7.7&#xa0;S/m (PAN–TiO<sub>2</sub>–CNT), due to the formation of conductive CNT networks. The optimally formulated PAN–TiO<sub>2</sub>–CNT composite achieved a total EMI shielding effectiveness of 49.6&#xa0;dB, exceeding the expected benchmark of 40&#xa0;dB for high-performance polymer shields, alongside hydrophobic characteristics with a water contact angle of 121° ± 0.5°. Further simulation results through ANSYS HFSS indicated that shielding efficiency can be stably maintained within the X-band (8.2–12.4&#xa0;GHz). Altogether, improvements in conductivity, dielectric behavior, and surface hydrophobicity suggest that the nanocomposite is a potential candidate for use in lightweight flexible EMI shielding, radar stealth coatings, and water-repellent aerospace or wearable electronic applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Advanced electrospun PAN–CNT nanocomposites with superior dielectric, EMI shielding, and hydrophobic performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Bijulin Greety DJ,
  • Jims John Wessley G

摘要

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-incorporated electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats were produced to offer multifunctional functions, from enhancing dielectric properties to electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and hydrophobicity. The structural and chemical characteristics were confirmed by SEM and FTIR, verifying homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial bonding between PAN, TiO2, and CNTs. Impedance analysis revealed a significant increase in electrical conductivity from 0.27 S/m (PAN–TiO2) to 7.7 S/m (PAN–TiO2–CNT), due to the formation of conductive CNT networks. The optimally formulated PAN–TiO2–CNT composite achieved a total EMI shielding effectiveness of 49.6 dB, exceeding the expected benchmark of 40 dB for high-performance polymer shields, alongside hydrophobic characteristics with a water contact angle of 121° ± 0.5°. Further simulation results through ANSYS HFSS indicated that shielding efficiency can be stably maintained within the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). Altogether, improvements in conductivity, dielectric behavior, and surface hydrophobicity suggest that the nanocomposite is a potential candidate for use in lightweight flexible EMI shielding, radar stealth coatings, and water-repellent aerospace or wearable electronic applications.

Graphical Abstract