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<p>Cross-linking phthalonitrile (PN) monomers readily forms substances with high thermal stability, and POM-catalyzed carbonization is a promising method to enhance polymer flame retardancy. In this study, ethoxyimidazole-modified phthalonitrile (EIPN) was synthesized and combined with H<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O to form the protonated salt [EIPN]<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>. Subsequently, TPU/EIPN and TPU/[EIPN]<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> composites were prepared. The results showed that both EIPN and [EIPN]<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> facilitated self-accelerating thermal crosslinking, leading to the formation of triazine and phthalocyanine rings with high thermal stability. TPU composites containing 3&#xa0;wt% EIPN and [EIPN]<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> exhibited excellent flame retardant properties, with limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) of TPU/3%[EIPN]<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> was reduced by 28.3% compared to TPU, while the total smoke release (TSR) of TPU/3%EIPN reduced by 22.2% in comparison to TPU. Notably, [EIPN]<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> demonstrated dynamic mechanical properties characterized by low energy dissipation and an extended fatigue life. This study offers new insights into using phthalonitrile cross-linking in flame-retardant TPU.</p>

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Study on the flame retardant properties of ethoxyimidazole and polyoxometalates autocatalytic phthalonitrile derivatives for thermoplastic polyurethane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月16日

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  • Meina Xie,
  • Kunpeng Song,
  • Jiyu He,
  • Rongjie Yang,
  • Pengwan Chen

摘要

Cross-linking phthalonitrile (PN) monomers readily forms substances with high thermal stability, and POM-catalyzed carbonization is a promising method to enhance polymer flame retardancy. In this study, ethoxyimidazole-modified phthalonitrile (EIPN) was synthesized and combined with H3PMo12O40·nH2O to form the protonated salt [EIPN]3PMo12O40. Subsequently, TPU/EIPN and TPU/[EIPN]3PMo12O40 composites were prepared. The results showed that both EIPN and [EIPN]3PMo12O40 facilitated self-accelerating thermal crosslinking, leading to the formation of triazine and phthalocyanine rings with high thermal stability. TPU composites containing 3 wt% EIPN and [EIPN]3PMo12O40 exhibited excellent flame retardant properties, with limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) of TPU/3%[EIPN]3PMo12O40 was reduced by 28.3% compared to TPU, while the total smoke release (TSR) of TPU/3%EIPN reduced by 22.2% in comparison to TPU. Notably, [EIPN]3PMo12O40 demonstrated dynamic mechanical properties characterized by low energy dissipation and an extended fatigue life. This study offers new insights into using phthalonitrile cross-linking in flame-retardant TPU.