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<p>Transforming plastic waste into high-value carbon nanostructures depicts vital advancements in sustainable materials science. In the current work, a controlled three-stage thermal decomposition was employed to convert recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) into a supercubane-like sp<sup>3</sup> carbon allotrope. The process involved slow decomposition at 450&#xa0;℃, thermal cracking at 800&#xa0;℃, and final annealing at 850&#xa0;℃ under ambient conditions. Thermal, spectroscopic, and structural methods were used to characterize the resulting carbonaceous residue. Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic peak at 609&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup> indicates sp<sup>3</sup>-hybridized cage-like carbon framework and peaks at 1328&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup> and 1595&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup> revealed the presence of defects and graphitic structure of carbon material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) identified crystalline planes indexed to (011) and (020), consistent with theoretical predictions for the body-centered cubic structure of supercubane. By using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), a direct band gap of 3.96&#xa0;eV was determined, supporting the semiconducting nature of the material. Thermal analyses (TGA and DSC) revealed high thermal stability up to ~ 700&#xa0;℃, and the measurement of BET surface area showed that mesoporosity was supporting with a value of 24.2&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g. HRTEM imaging and EDX spectroscopy further supported a nanostructured, carbon-rich nature. The experimental data support the formation of supercubane-like carbon nanostructures from plastic waste for high-performance carbon materials for energy storage and advanced electronics applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of a novel 3D carbon allotrope: supercubane-like structure derived from plastic waste via a three-stage thermal decomposition process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • P. V. Subhanjaneyulu,
  • P. S. Rama Sreekanth

摘要

Transforming plastic waste into high-value carbon nanostructures depicts vital advancements in sustainable materials science. In the current work, a controlled three-stage thermal decomposition was employed to convert recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) into a supercubane-like sp3 carbon allotrope. The process involved slow decomposition at 450 ℃, thermal cracking at 800 ℃, and final annealing at 850 ℃ under ambient conditions. Thermal, spectroscopic, and structural methods were used to characterize the resulting carbonaceous residue. Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic peak at 609 cm⁻1 indicates sp3-hybridized cage-like carbon framework and peaks at 1328 cm⁻1 and 1595 cm⁻1 revealed the presence of defects and graphitic structure of carbon material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) identified crystalline planes indexed to (011) and (020), consistent with theoretical predictions for the body-centered cubic structure of supercubane. By using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), a direct band gap of 3.96 eV was determined, supporting the semiconducting nature of the material. Thermal analyses (TGA and DSC) revealed high thermal stability up to ~ 700 ℃, and the measurement of BET surface area showed that mesoporosity was supporting with a value of 24.2 m2/g. HRTEM imaging and EDX spectroscopy further supported a nanostructured, carbon-rich nature. The experimental data support the formation of supercubane-like carbon nanostructures from plastic waste for high-performance carbon materials for energy storage and advanced electronics applications.

Graphical abstract