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<p>Additive manufacturing (AM) elastomers are sought after for their potential in wearable electronics, yet few photopolymerizable elastomers meet the cost, resolution, and performance demands of vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing. This study developed a dual-curable polyurethane acrylate elastomer using 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (DCA) as a chain extender. DCA’s pyrimidine groups form ionic bonds with zinc ions, while its carboxyl groups generate amides during thermal curing, enhancing mechanical properties. The resulting elastomer achieved a tensile strength of 15.8&#xa0;MPa and elongation at break of 499.1%, along with high fatigue resistance and resilience. Incorporated Zn<sup>2+</sup> also provides stable conductivity. Compatible with VPP printing at resolutions as fine as 50&#xa0;μm, this material allows customized strain sensors that accurately monitor human motion, showing promising application in flexible wearable devices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A dual-curable polyurethane acrylate elastomer for high-resolution 3D printing of wearable strain sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Bei Zhao,
  • Pengdi Cui,
  • Youjie Rong,
  • Jiutao Hu,
  • Xiaobo Huang,
  • Xiaohong Yao

摘要

Additive manufacturing (AM) elastomers are sought after for their potential in wearable electronics, yet few photopolymerizable elastomers meet the cost, resolution, and performance demands of vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing. This study developed a dual-curable polyurethane acrylate elastomer using 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (DCA) as a chain extender. DCA’s pyrimidine groups form ionic bonds with zinc ions, while its carboxyl groups generate amides during thermal curing, enhancing mechanical properties. The resulting elastomer achieved a tensile strength of 15.8 MPa and elongation at break of 499.1%, along with high fatigue resistance and resilience. Incorporated Zn2+ also provides stable conductivity. Compatible with VPP printing at resolutions as fine as 50 μm, this material allows customized strain sensors that accurately monitor human motion, showing promising application in flexible wearable devices.

Graphical abstract