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<p>This study aimed to investigate the thermal and structural stability of a functionally graded material (FGM) based on Nb/Zr nanolaminates for potential deployment in fusion reactor environments. The as-fabricated FGM architecture comprised a 2.8 ± 0.4&#xa0;µm niobium layer, a 1.3 ± 0.1&#xa0;µm nanolaminate region of alternating Nb and Zr layers (average individual layer thickness: 63 ± 15&#xa0;nm), a 10 ± 2&#xa0;µm zirconium layer, and a Zr–1%Nb alloy substrate. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and in situ Doppler broadening spectroscopy (iDBS) were employed to probe microstructural evolution and defect dynamics during thermal exposure up to 900&#xa0;°C. This combined in situ approach enabled real-time monitoring of defect generation and annihilation processes, offering mechanistic insights into defect kinetics at elevated temperatures. Phase integrity and structural morphology were largely preserved throughout thermal treatment, with only minor lattice strain and phase transformations observed. Thus, the obtained results demonstrate the high thermal resilience of Nb/Zr-based FGMs, reinforcing their promise for helium- and liquid–metal-cooled blanket systems in future fusion reactors.</p>

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In situ probing of thermal stability of functionally graded Nb/Zr nanolaminates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Roman Laptev,
  • Dmitriy Krotkevich,
  • Ekaterina Stepanova,
  • Anton Lomygin,
  • Tatyana Murashkina,
  • Mark Kruglyakov,
  • Andrei Tereshchenko,
  • Ivan Ushakov,
  • Parvizi Homidzoda

摘要

This study aimed to investigate the thermal and structural stability of a functionally graded material (FGM) based on Nb/Zr nanolaminates for potential deployment in fusion reactor environments. The as-fabricated FGM architecture comprised a 2.8 ± 0.4 µm niobium layer, a 1.3 ± 0.1 µm nanolaminate region of alternating Nb and Zr layers (average individual layer thickness: 63 ± 15 nm), a 10 ± 2 µm zirconium layer, and a Zr–1%Nb alloy substrate. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and in situ Doppler broadening spectroscopy (iDBS) were employed to probe microstructural evolution and defect dynamics during thermal exposure up to 900 °C. This combined in situ approach enabled real-time monitoring of defect generation and annihilation processes, offering mechanistic insights into defect kinetics at elevated temperatures. Phase integrity and structural morphology were largely preserved throughout thermal treatment, with only minor lattice strain and phase transformations observed. Thus, the obtained results demonstrate the high thermal resilience of Nb/Zr-based FGMs, reinforcing their promise for helium- and liquid–metal-cooled blanket systems in future fusion reactors.