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<p>Foam geopolymer (FBG) is a novel lightweight, ecologically friendly building material distinguished by its low density, thermal insulation capabilities, and reduced carbon emissions relative to traditional cementitious binders. This research offers a thorough comparative analysis of foam geopolymer synthesis, material properties, and performance trends, derived from the assessment of over 150 + published publications, with 85 pivotal experimental studies meticulously examined. The research delineates the correlations among binder type, activator chemical, foaming technique, and curing procedure, while quantitatively assessing attributes such as density (600–1300&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>), compressive strength (2–15&#xa0;MPa), pore size (100–600&#xa0;µm), and thermal conductivity (0.18–0.35 W/m·K). The academic significance of this paper is rooted in its comprehensive analysis of experimental data, including performance correlations that elucidate the effects of activator-to-binder ratios (0.40–0.55) and foaming agent concentrations (0.5–4%) on pore stability and strength retention. This article analyzes recent advancements in geopolymer composites, focusing on the inclusion of nano-silica and hybrid fiber reinforcement, along with their prospective integration with foam matrices to create multifunctional materials that reduce carbon emissions. The study focuses on curing methods at ambient and elevated temperatures, long-term durability, and sustainability efforts aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study enhances academic knowledge by pinpointing deficiencies in understanding, specifically in the areas of microstructural regulation, curing optimization, and composite–foam interaction. This framework provides a cohesive basis for subsequent experimental investigations and practical implementations of foam geopolymer technology in sustainable infrastructure.</p>

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Review: Foam geopolymer synthesis macro- to micro-properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Fatheali A. Shilar,
  • Mubarakali Shilar

摘要

Foam geopolymer (FBG) is a novel lightweight, ecologically friendly building material distinguished by its low density, thermal insulation capabilities, and reduced carbon emissions relative to traditional cementitious binders. This research offers a thorough comparative analysis of foam geopolymer synthesis, material properties, and performance trends, derived from the assessment of over 150 + published publications, with 85 pivotal experimental studies meticulously examined. The research delineates the correlations among binder type, activator chemical, foaming technique, and curing procedure, while quantitatively assessing attributes such as density (600–1300 kg/m3), compressive strength (2–15 MPa), pore size (100–600 µm), and thermal conductivity (0.18–0.35 W/m·K). The academic significance of this paper is rooted in its comprehensive analysis of experimental data, including performance correlations that elucidate the effects of activator-to-binder ratios (0.40–0.55) and foaming agent concentrations (0.5–4%) on pore stability and strength retention. This article analyzes recent advancements in geopolymer composites, focusing on the inclusion of nano-silica and hybrid fiber reinforcement, along with their prospective integration with foam matrices to create multifunctional materials that reduce carbon emissions. The study focuses on curing methods at ambient and elevated temperatures, long-term durability, and sustainability efforts aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study enhances academic knowledge by pinpointing deficiencies in understanding, specifically in the areas of microstructural regulation, curing optimization, and composite–foam interaction. This framework provides a cohesive basis for subsequent experimental investigations and practical implementations of foam geopolymer technology in sustainable infrastructure.