<p>Antibiotics applied as a pivotal class of antimicrobial agents combating bacterial infections, have significantly advanced human health and productivity through their widespread application. However, concomitant antibiotic contamination poses potential threats to public health and ecological systems, thus creating an urgent demand for novel, efficient, and sustainable remediation technologies&#xa0;to overcome the limitations of traditional methods. Magnetic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) composites have emerged as a promising solution to this challenge, which were distinct from conventional adsorbents or separation materials. Magnetic MOFs composites integrate the high specific surface area and tunable pore structures of MOFs with the rapid magnetic separation capability, enabling synergistic optimization of adsorption efficiency, target selectivity, and posttreatment recyclability in antibiotic remediation. This review summarizes the synthesis methodologies, structural characterizations, and&#xa0;applications in antibiotic treatment of magnetic MOFs composites, with a particular focus on structural design&#xa0;and&#xa0;performance modification. Furthermore, the current challenges and future prospects are critically discussed, aiming to provide targeted theoretical and technical insights for advancing the practical application of magnetic MOFs composites in antibiotic pollution control.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>