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<p>This study investigates the characterization and processing of rubber crumb (RC) obtained as a waste from tread part of truck tyres with a focus on its devulcanization and stabilization using kraft lignin. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to assess the composition of RC, revealing a three-step degradation pattern. Soxhlet extraction demonstrated the influence of processing temperature on sol fraction and together with rheological testing indicated that mechanical shearing at 65&#xa0;°C (RC65) maximizes polysulphidic chain scission. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed changes in alkane and sulphur-related bands, supporting partial devulcanization of RC samples. FTIR analysis further revealed that lignin (RCL) reduces the main chain scission in devulcanized RC, suggesting a stabilizing effect during devulcanization. The incorporation of devulcanized RC samples in virgin SBR compound resulted in improved cross-linking behaviour and mechanical properties, particularly for SBR/RC65 and SBR/RCL samples. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed good compatibility of RCL with the SBR matrix. These findings underline the potential of lignin-stabilized devulcanized rubber as a sustainable additive in new rubber composites, advancing waste tyre recycling technologies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Lignin and devulcanized tyre crumb for next-generation rubber composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Michaela Džuganová,
  • Katarína Tomanová,
  • Viera Jančovičová,
  • Jozef Feranc,
  • Zora Hajduchová,
  • Ján Hronkovič,
  • Jozef Preťo,
  • Ján Kruželák

摘要

This study investigates the characterization and processing of rubber crumb (RC) obtained as a waste from tread part of truck tyres with a focus on its devulcanization and stabilization using kraft lignin. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to assess the composition of RC, revealing a three-step degradation pattern. Soxhlet extraction demonstrated the influence of processing temperature on sol fraction and together with rheological testing indicated that mechanical shearing at 65 °C (RC65) maximizes polysulphidic chain scission. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed changes in alkane and sulphur-related bands, supporting partial devulcanization of RC samples. FTIR analysis further revealed that lignin (RCL) reduces the main chain scission in devulcanized RC, suggesting a stabilizing effect during devulcanization. The incorporation of devulcanized RC samples in virgin SBR compound resulted in improved cross-linking behaviour and mechanical properties, particularly for SBR/RC65 and SBR/RCL samples. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed good compatibility of RCL with the SBR matrix. These findings underline the potential of lignin-stabilized devulcanized rubber as a sustainable additive in new rubber composites, advancing waste tyre recycling technologies.

Graphical abstract