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<p>Non-smooth surfaces evolved through prolonged natural selection in biological systems exhibiting efficient detachment mechanisms, offering bio-inspired strategies to address interfacial adhesion challenges in engineering applications. This review systematically summarizes the morphological characteristics and detachment mechanisms of non-smooth surfaces in three representative biological soil fauna, plants, and aquatic animals, and discusses their biomimetic applications in agricultural machinery and medical devices. Studies reveal that biological non-smooth surfaces achieve synergistic detachment through reduced contact area via micro-nano structures, suppression of continuous water film formation by hydrophobic and low-surface-energy composite interfaces, and dynamic flexibility-mediated interfacial behavior regulation. Finally, this paper concludes with prospects for future development trends.</p>

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Review: research advances in detachment mechanisms of biological non-smooth surfaces and their biomimetic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Nianhuan Huang,
  • Yi Peng,
  • Hang You,
  • Ting Li,
  • Jie Ran,
  • Shandong Zhang,
  • Jinyuan Huang

摘要

Non-smooth surfaces evolved through prolonged natural selection in biological systems exhibiting efficient detachment mechanisms, offering bio-inspired strategies to address interfacial adhesion challenges in engineering applications. This review systematically summarizes the morphological characteristics and detachment mechanisms of non-smooth surfaces in three representative biological soil fauna, plants, and aquatic animals, and discusses their biomimetic applications in agricultural machinery and medical devices. Studies reveal that biological non-smooth surfaces achieve synergistic detachment through reduced contact area via micro-nano structures, suppression of continuous water film formation by hydrophobic and low-surface-energy composite interfaces, and dynamic flexibility-mediated interfacial behavior regulation. Finally, this paper concludes with prospects for future development trends.