<p>In recent years, superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted considerable attention in the field of anti-icing due to their unique self-cleaning properties. In view of this, this paper systematically reviews the ice formation process and the theoretical basis for hydrophobicity on rough surfaces, focusing on various preparation methods for superhydrophobic surfaces and their research achievements in anti-icing applications. Preparation methods encompass including laser method (femtosecond laser, picosecond laser, nanosecond laser and other lasers), coating method (spraying method and deposition method), chemical etching method and self-assembly method. The advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods and their effects on performance are summarized. Finally, the challenges that superhydrophobic surfaces may face in future anti-icing applications are analyzed and prospectively considered.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>