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<p>We report on the preparation and comprehensive characterization of biodegradable blends comprising poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) (PBAT) across a range of compositions. A multiscale analytical approach was employed to investigate their chemical interactions, morphology, structural and mechanical properties, surface energetics, and biodegradation behavior. Chemical structure was first assessed using ATR-FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy. ATR-FTIR spectra indicated partial interpolymer interactions, while <sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis revealed new peaks at 4.11 and 4.17 ppm in the 30:70 PBS/PBAT blend, providing direct evidence of transesterification between PBS and PBAT chains. Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed smoother fracture surfaces with increasing PBS content, suggesting enhanced miscibility. Rheological measurements demonstrated Newtonian behavior at low frequencies and shear thinning at higher frequencies, with the 45:55 blend showing a notable deviation due to phase separation and PBS network formation. Thermal and crystalline properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated a marked reduction in PBS crystallinity and crystallite thickness in the 15:85 and 30:70 blends, attributed to PBAT-induced disruption of PBS chain alignment. Mechanical testing revealed a consistent increase in elastic modulus with higher PBS content, reflecting improved stiffness and mechanical reinforcement. Surface energy analysis, based on contact angle measurements and the Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) model, showed a significant increase in the polar component for the 30:70 blend—143.95% and 139.80% higher than neat PBS and PBAT, respectively—highlighting enhanced interfacial polarity. Finally, enzymatic degradation using <i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase was evaluated over 15 weeks. Weight loss measurements showed 65.8% degradation for PBAT, 23.0% for PBS, and 58.5% for the 30:70 blend. These findings elucidate the interplay between molecular interactions, morphology, mechanical integrity, surface behavior, and biodegradability in PBS/PBAT blends, providing a scientific basis for the development of environmentally sustainable polymeric materials with tunable performance characteristics.</p>

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Multiscale characterization of poly (butylene succinate)/poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) blends: from interfacial chemistry to lipase-catalyzed breakdown

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • Ali Abbasi,
  • Mehdi Rafizadeh

摘要

We report on the preparation and comprehensive characterization of biodegradable blends comprising poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) across a range of compositions. A multiscale analytical approach was employed to investigate their chemical interactions, morphology, structural and mechanical properties, surface energetics, and biodegradation behavior. Chemical structure was first assessed using ATR-FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. ATR-FTIR spectra indicated partial interpolymer interactions, while 1H NMR analysis revealed new peaks at 4.11 and 4.17 ppm in the 30:70 PBS/PBAT blend, providing direct evidence of transesterification between PBS and PBAT chains. Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed smoother fracture surfaces with increasing PBS content, suggesting enhanced miscibility. Rheological measurements demonstrated Newtonian behavior at low frequencies and shear thinning at higher frequencies, with the 45:55 blend showing a notable deviation due to phase separation and PBS network formation. Thermal and crystalline properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated a marked reduction in PBS crystallinity and crystallite thickness in the 15:85 and 30:70 blends, attributed to PBAT-induced disruption of PBS chain alignment. Mechanical testing revealed a consistent increase in elastic modulus with higher PBS content, reflecting improved stiffness and mechanical reinforcement. Surface energy analysis, based on contact angle measurements and the Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) model, showed a significant increase in the polar component for the 30:70 blend—143.95% and 139.80% higher than neat PBS and PBAT, respectively—highlighting enhanced interfacial polarity. Finally, enzymatic degradation using Candida rugosa lipase was evaluated over 15 weeks. Weight loss measurements showed 65.8% degradation for PBAT, 23.0% for PBS, and 58.5% for the 30:70 blend. These findings elucidate the interplay between molecular interactions, morphology, mechanical integrity, surface behavior, and biodegradability in PBS/PBAT blends, providing a scientific basis for the development of environmentally sustainable polymeric materials with tunable performance characteristics.