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<p>The mechanical heterogeneity between gradient structure layer and coarse grain layer in the gradient-structured metallics materials significantly affects the mechanical properties and deformed behaviors of metallic materials. In this study, different mechanical heterogeneity was designed in the 316L stainless steel by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The tensile results showed that strength–ductility synergy was obtained in 316L-15&#xa0;min sample with an obvious mechanical heterogeneity, compared with 316L-5&#xa0;min and 316L-10&#xa0;min samples. The load-unload-reload (LUR) and white light interferometry results demonstrated that the 316L-15&#xa0;min sample exhibited obvious hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening and strain gradient compared to the 316L-annealed and 316L-5&#xa0;min samples, which contributed to the higher yield strength while maintaining good ductility. In addition, intersected deformation twins were activated in the 316L-15&#xa0;min sample after tensile strain. Meanwhile, distinctly dispersed strain bands were formed in the SMAT surface of 316L-15&#xa0;min sample, which was beneficial for strain delocalization and thus maintained good ductility. This study provides insights on the mechanical property and deformation behaviors of the 316L stainless steel with different mechanical heterogeneity.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The effect of mechanical heterogeneity on the mechanical property and deformation behavior of the 316L stainless steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Xingfu Li,
  • Xiaohua Cao,
  • Zhilin Wu,
  • Lele Sun,
  • Jingran Yang,
  • Yulan Gong,
  • Lei Xu,
  • Xinkun Zhu

摘要

The mechanical heterogeneity between gradient structure layer and coarse grain layer in the gradient-structured metallics materials significantly affects the mechanical properties and deformed behaviors of metallic materials. In this study, different mechanical heterogeneity was designed in the 316L stainless steel by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The tensile results showed that strength–ductility synergy was obtained in 316L-15 min sample with an obvious mechanical heterogeneity, compared with 316L-5 min and 316L-10 min samples. The load-unload-reload (LUR) and white light interferometry results demonstrated that the 316L-15 min sample exhibited obvious hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening and strain gradient compared to the 316L-annealed and 316L-5 min samples, which contributed to the higher yield strength while maintaining good ductility. In addition, intersected deformation twins were activated in the 316L-15 min sample after tensile strain. Meanwhile, distinctly dispersed strain bands were formed in the SMAT surface of 316L-15 min sample, which was beneficial for strain delocalization and thus maintained good ductility. This study provides insights on the mechanical property and deformation behaviors of the 316L stainless steel with different mechanical heterogeneity.

Graphical abstract