<p>The defeating of lead in ferroelectric applications is still a challenging task for researchers. This article highlights the energy-efficient cold sintering process with compelling microstructure and electrical properties of lead-free potassium sodium niobates (K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub>—abbreviated as KNN) and encapsulates their state-of-the-art progress. With an underlining of recent developments in energy-efficient cold sintering mechanisms, the unique advances in lead-free KNN-based materials were analyzed. The main dielectric–ferroelectric behaviors associated with cold sintering principles were outlined with crystal structures and density measurements. In particular, the significance of the cold sintering methodology of lead-free KNN materials was elaborated. Finally, future challenges and perspectives are highlighted based on current developments. This review provides an overview of the advances of K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> materials in the past few decades and prospects, which may inspire young researchers.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Cold sintering, microstructure and dielectric–ferroelectric anomalies of lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics

  • Subramani Supriya

摘要

The defeating of lead in ferroelectric applications is still a challenging task for researchers. This article highlights the energy-efficient cold sintering process with compelling microstructure and electrical properties of lead-free potassium sodium niobates (K0.5Na0.5NbO3—abbreviated as KNN) and encapsulates their state-of-the-art progress. With an underlining of recent developments in energy-efficient cold sintering mechanisms, the unique advances in lead-free KNN-based materials were analyzed. The main dielectric–ferroelectric behaviors associated with cold sintering principles were outlined with crystal structures and density measurements. In particular, the significance of the cold sintering methodology of lead-free KNN materials was elaborated. Finally, future challenges and perspectives are highlighted based on current developments. This review provides an overview of the advances of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 materials in the past few decades and prospects, which may inspire young researchers.

Graphical abstract