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<p>As a plasma-oriented material, tungsten is subjected to high-temperature vacuum service environments for extended periods. In the event of an accident, along with the entry of air and cooling water, tungsten is oxidized into WO<sub>3</sub>, which is volatile at high temperatures and enters the environment at a loss rate of 150&#xa0;kg/h. Owing to transmutation, some W has been converted into isotopes of radioactive W; thus, the released part of WO<sub>3</sub> is radioactive and pollutes the working environment for nuclear fusion. In this work, the oxidation of five alloys, W, W-1.5%Re, W-4.5%Re, W-6%Re and W-10%Re, was investigated in an air atmosphere at 700&#xa0;°C for 18&#xa0;h, and microscale characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSM800), were used to analyze the oxidation kinetics during the oxidation process of W–Re alloys and the physical phase composition and surface morphology of the oxidation film. The results show that the oxidation kinetics of the W and W-1.5%Re alloys follow a linear law, whereas the oxide kinetics of the W-4.5%Re, W-6%Re, and W-10%Re alloys follow a parabolic rate law. The oxidation product of Re, Re<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, sublimates near the upper surface of the oxide layer. It can be used as a sintering agent and/or stress relieving agent to increase the density and oxidation resistance of the oxide film in W–Re alloys, making them more resistant to oxidation than pure W. Depending on the oxidation temperature or atmosphere, the Re content in the W oxide layer effectively inhibits oxidation.</p>

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Study on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of W–Re alloys in nuclear fusion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Binghe Pang,
  • Yungang Li,
  • Yanfei Qi,
  • Yanbing Chen,
  • Lingxin Nan

摘要

As a plasma-oriented material, tungsten is subjected to high-temperature vacuum service environments for extended periods. In the event of an accident, along with the entry of air and cooling water, tungsten is oxidized into WO3, which is volatile at high temperatures and enters the environment at a loss rate of 150 kg/h. Owing to transmutation, some W has been converted into isotopes of radioactive W; thus, the released part of WO3 is radioactive and pollutes the working environment for nuclear fusion. In this work, the oxidation of five alloys, W, W-1.5%Re, W-4.5%Re, W-6%Re and W-10%Re, was investigated in an air atmosphere at 700 °C for 18 h, and microscale characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSM800), were used to analyze the oxidation kinetics during the oxidation process of W–Re alloys and the physical phase composition and surface morphology of the oxidation film. The results show that the oxidation kinetics of the W and W-1.5%Re alloys follow a linear law, whereas the oxide kinetics of the W-4.5%Re, W-6%Re, and W-10%Re alloys follow a parabolic rate law. The oxidation product of Re, Re2O7, sublimates near the upper surface of the oxide layer. It can be used as a sintering agent and/or stress relieving agent to increase the density and oxidation resistance of the oxide film in W–Re alloys, making them more resistant to oxidation than pure W. Depending on the oxidation temperature or atmosphere, the Re content in the W oxide layer effectively inhibits oxidation.