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<p>A heavy warm rolling followed by tempering and partitioning (HWRTP) process was employed to develop a martensitic stainless steel with ultrahigh strength and good ductility. The results show that the heavy warm rolling process significantly reduces the prior austenite grain size (PAGS) compared to the direct quenching (DQ) process. The microstructure after heavy warm rolling is characterized by ultrafine lamellar structured martensite with retained austenite. Heavy warm rolling followed by tempering and partitioning (T&amp;P) treatment at 300 °C for 2.0 h achieves an excellent strength–ductility balance: a yield strength of 1647 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 2141 MPa, and a total elongation of 13%. During the T&amp;P process, dislocation recovery and carbon partitioning occur. The corresponding microstructure consists of ultrafine lamellar structured tempered martensite and carbon-rich retained austenite. Compared to undeformed samples, the enhanced strength is mainly due to the refined martensite block sizes and the high dislocation density. The good ductility can be attributed to the enhanced mechanical stability of the carbon-rich retained austenite, which facilitates the TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) effect under high-strain conditions. Heavy warm rolling followed by T&amp;P treatment at 500 °C for 2.0 h results in ultimate tensile strength of 2565 ± 30 MPa, yield strength of 1920 ± 15 MPa, and a total elongation of 6.0 ± 0.3%. Notable carbide precipitation occurs in the microstructure, accompanied by a slight carbon enrichment in the retained austenite. This ultrahigh strength is primarily attributed to grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.</p>

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Enhancement of strength–ductility in a martensitic stainless steel via heavy warm–rolling and tempering–partitioning treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Dongyang Qin,
  • Tao Fu,
  • Liming Fu,
  • Cong Ye,
  • Shuo Ma,
  • Aidang Shan

摘要

A heavy warm rolling followed by tempering and partitioning (HWRTP) process was employed to develop a martensitic stainless steel with ultrahigh strength and good ductility. The results show that the heavy warm rolling process significantly reduces the prior austenite grain size (PAGS) compared to the direct quenching (DQ) process. The microstructure after heavy warm rolling is characterized by ultrafine lamellar structured martensite with retained austenite. Heavy warm rolling followed by tempering and partitioning (T&P) treatment at 300 °C for 2.0 h achieves an excellent strength–ductility balance: a yield strength of 1647 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 2141 MPa, and a total elongation of 13%. During the T&P process, dislocation recovery and carbon partitioning occur. The corresponding microstructure consists of ultrafine lamellar structured tempered martensite and carbon-rich retained austenite. Compared to undeformed samples, the enhanced strength is mainly due to the refined martensite block sizes and the high dislocation density. The good ductility can be attributed to the enhanced mechanical stability of the carbon-rich retained austenite, which facilitates the TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) effect under high-strain conditions. Heavy warm rolling followed by T&P treatment at 500 °C for 2.0 h results in ultimate tensile strength of 2565 ± 30 MPa, yield strength of 1920 ± 15 MPa, and a total elongation of 6.0 ± 0.3%. Notable carbide precipitation occurs in the microstructure, accompanied by a slight carbon enrichment in the retained austenite. This ultrahigh strength is primarily attributed to grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.