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<p>Three-dimensional (3D) models were developed for series, parallel, random-distribution, off-diagonal, and gradient Ni/TiO<sub>2-x</sub> composites to investigate their thermoelectric properties. These properties were examined using the 3D Monte Carlo finite-element method. Ni/TiO<sub>2-x</sub> thermoelectric compacts with a random distribution of Ni powder were fabricated via spark plasma sintering, and their thermoelectric properties were measured. The effect of the composite structure on its thermoelectric properties was investigated to enhance its performance. The results indicated that the parallel composites had higher <i>ZT</i> values than the series composites. The off-diagonal composite model exhibited lower electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity, along with a higher absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient than the rule of mixtures, suggesting superior thermoelectric performance. Compared with the random-distribution composite, the gradient composite exhibited a lower power factor owing to the higher absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity. However, its thermal conductivity decreased, and its <i>ZT</i> value was comparable to that of a randomly distributed composite. Therefore, the proposed method effectively analyzes the thermoelectric properties of series, parallel, random-distribution, off-diagonal, and gradient composites. The electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were adjusted by modifying the morphologies of the composite structures.</p>

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Enhancing performance of Ni/TiO2-x thermoelectric composites: a Monte Carlo finite-element method analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Zhengxu Li,
  • Lijun Wang,
  • Katsuhiro Sagara,
  • Hiroyuki Yoshida,
  • Ryosuke Yamagata,
  • Takaomi Itoi,
  • Yun Lu

摘要

Three-dimensional (3D) models were developed for series, parallel, random-distribution, off-diagonal, and gradient Ni/TiO2-x composites to investigate their thermoelectric properties. These properties were examined using the 3D Monte Carlo finite-element method. Ni/TiO2-x thermoelectric compacts with a random distribution of Ni powder were fabricated via spark plasma sintering, and their thermoelectric properties were measured. The effect of the composite structure on its thermoelectric properties was investigated to enhance its performance. The results indicated that the parallel composites had higher ZT values than the series composites. The off-diagonal composite model exhibited lower electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity, along with a higher absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient than the rule of mixtures, suggesting superior thermoelectric performance. Compared with the random-distribution composite, the gradient composite exhibited a lower power factor owing to the higher absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity. However, its thermal conductivity decreased, and its ZT value was comparable to that of a randomly distributed composite. Therefore, the proposed method effectively analyzes the thermoelectric properties of series, parallel, random-distribution, off-diagonal, and gradient composites. The electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were adjusted by modifying the morphologies of the composite structures.