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<p>Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) exhibit exceptional application potential but suffer from compromised castability, while existing refractory-containing eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) remain constrained by inevitable brittle Laves phase formation. Here, we develop a thermodynamics-guided design strategy to achieve Laves phase-free Nb–Ti–Zr–Ni EHEAs through mixing enthalpy optimization. Systematic analysis reveals that conventional design principles intrinsically favor Laves phase formation due to the higher Nb-Ni mixing enthalpy relative to Ti/Zr–Ni pairs. Compositional optimization yields Ti<sub>2</sub>ZrNbNi<sub>3</sub> EHEA with BCC + B2 dual-phase nano-lamellar architectures showing casting characteristics (<i>T</i><sub>m</sub> &lt; 1100&#xa0;°C and Δ<i>T</i> = <i>T</i><sub>s</sub> − <i>T</i><sub>m</sub> &lt; 15&#xa0;°C). This work establishes a refined eutectic design methodology that overcomes traditional phase selection limitations, enabling Laves-free refractory-based EHEAs with enhanced castability performance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Design strategy for refractory-based eutectic high-entropy alloys with BCC + B2 dual-phase nano-lamellar architectures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Bohang Shen,
  • Jingzhi He,
  • Yijing Fan,
  • Weijian Shen,
  • Shun Li,
  • Yu Tang,
  • Shuxin Bai

摘要

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) exhibit exceptional application potential but suffer from compromised castability, while existing refractory-containing eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) remain constrained by inevitable brittle Laves phase formation. Here, we develop a thermodynamics-guided design strategy to achieve Laves phase-free Nb–Ti–Zr–Ni EHEAs through mixing enthalpy optimization. Systematic analysis reveals that conventional design principles intrinsically favor Laves phase formation due to the higher Nb-Ni mixing enthalpy relative to Ti/Zr–Ni pairs. Compositional optimization yields Ti2ZrNbNi3 EHEA with BCC + B2 dual-phase nano-lamellar architectures showing casting characteristics (Tm < 1100 °C and ΔT = Ts − Tm < 15 °C). This work establishes a refined eutectic design methodology that overcomes traditional phase selection limitations, enabling Laves-free refractory-based EHEAs with enhanced castability performance.

Graphical abstract